This collection explores the historical origins of our modern concepts of intellectual or learning disability. The essays, from some of the leading historians of ideas of intellectual disability, focus on British and European material from the Middle Ages to the late-nineteenth century and extend across legal, educational, literary, religious, philosophical and psychiatric histories. They investigate how precursor concepts and discourses were shaped by and interacted with their particular social, cultural and intellectual environments, eventually giving rise to contemporary ideas. Intellectual disability is essential reading for scholars interested in the history of intelligence, intellectual disability and related concepts, as well as in disability history generally. -- .

The term 'idiot' is a damning put down, whether deployed on the playground or in the board room. People stigmatized as being 'intellectually disabled' today must confront variants of the fear and pity with which society has greeted them for centuries. In this ground-breaking new study Patrick McDonagh explores how artistic, scientific and sociological interpretations of idiocy work symbolically and ideologically in society. Drawing upon a broad spectrum of British, French and American resources including literary works (Wordsworth's 'The Idiot Boy', Dickens Barnaby Rudge, Conrad's The Secret Agent), pedagogical works (Itard's The Wild Boy of Aveyron, Sequin's Traitement moral, hygiene et education des idiots, and Howe's On the courses of Idiocy), medical and scientific papers (Philippe Pinel, Henry Maudsley, William Ireland, John Langdon Downs, Isaac Kerlin, Henry Goddard) and sociological writings (Mayhew's London Labour and the London Poor, Beames' The Rookeries of London, Dugdal's The Jukes), Idiocy: A Cultural History offers a rich study of the history and representation of mental disability.

This collection explores the historical origins of our modern concepts of intellectual or learning disability. The essays, from some of the leading historians of ideas of intellectual disability, focus on British and European material from the Middle Ages to the late-nineteenth century and extend across legal, educational, literary, religious, philosophical and psychiatric histories. They investigate how precursor concepts and discourses were shaped by and interacted with their particular social, cultural and intellectual environments, eventually giving rise to contemporary ideas. The collection is essential reading for scholars interested in the history of intelligence, intellectual disability and related concepts, as well as in disability history generally. -- .

This thematically-arranged study traces the emergence of visible gay and lesbian communities across the Republic of Ireland and their impact on public perceptions of homosexuality. Along the way it explores the critical and hidden activism of lesbian women, the role of rural provincial activists, the importance of interactions with international gay and lesbian organisations and the extent to which HIV and AIDS impacted the gay rights campaign. Gay and Lesbian Activism in the Republic of Ireland, 1973-93 focuses in particular on activists' efforts to engage with the different religious organisations in Ireland, the Trade Union movement, Irish political parties and the media, and how these efforts in turn shaped the strategies and activities of gay and lesbian organisations. McDonagh argues that gay and lesbian activists mounted an effective campaign to improve both the legal and social climate for Ireland's gay and lesbian citizens. In doing so, gay and lesbian individuals were important agents of social and political change in the Republic of Ireland in the period from the 1970s to the early 1990s, particularly in relation to Irish sexual mores. The book also helps to contextualise the changes in perceptions of homosexuality that have taken place in recent years and encourages scholars of Irish history to further explore the contribution of Ireland's LGBTQ+ community in transforming Irish society in the 20th and 21st centuries.

This thematically-arranged study traces the emergence of visible gay and lesbian communities across the Republic of Ireland and their impact on public perceptions of homosexuality. Along the way it explores the critical and hidden activism of lesbian women, the role of rural provincial activists, the importance of interactions with international gay and lesbian organisations and the extent to which HIV and AIDS impacted the gay rights campaign. Gay and Lesbian Activism in the Republic of Ireland, 1973-93 focuses in particular on activists' efforts to engage with the different religious organisations in Ireland, the Trade Union movement, Irish political parties and the media, and how these efforts in turn shaped the strategies and activities of gay and lesbian organisations. McDonagh argues that gay and lesbian activists mounted an effective campaign to improve both the legal and social climate for Ireland's gay and lesbian citizens. In doing so, gay and lesbian individuals were important agents of social and political change in the Republic of Ireland in the period from the 1970s to the early 1990s, particularly in relation to Irish sexual mores. The book also helps to contextualise the changes in perceptions of homosexuality that have taken place in recent years and encourages scholars of Irish history to further explore the contribution of Ireland's LGBTQ+ community in transforming Irish society in the 20th and 21st centuries.