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Throughout Germany's tumultuous twentieth century, photography was
an indispensable form of documentation. Whether acting as artists,
witnesses, or reformers, both professional and amateur
photographers chronicled social worlds through successive periods
of radical upheaval. The Ethics of Seeing brings together an
international group of scholars to explore the complex relationship
between the visual and the historic in German history. Emphasizing
the transformation of the visual arena and the ways in which
ordinary people made sense of world events, these revealing case
studies illustrate photography's multilayered role as a new form of
representation, a means to subjective experience, and a fresh mode
of narrating the past.
"Taken together, this volume is a welcome departure from the usual
literature on memory and trauma which ignores what came before the
war and treats what happened after only in relation to the
Holocaust. This excellent volume enables us to look at the history
of death as a whole beyond the break of 1945 and to see influences
and continuities throughout the last century. The volume delivers
on the promise of the introduction to open up new avenues for
research and raise new questions and should be a welcome addition
to the library of every scholar of modern Germany." . German
Politics & Society " The volume] offers a significant
contribution to theories of death and memory work in German
Studies. It] is clearly organized using theme-based sections, which
lead the reader through material culture as well as psychological
investigation; the essays are well-researched and cogently
written." . German Studies Review "Taken together, the volume
provides more than the sum of its individual contributions and
actually succeeds in offering new perspectives on a hitherto
neglected topic. Several essays demonstrate persuasively the myriad
ways in which the ghosts of the dead haunted the living in
twentieth-century Germany...for anybody interested in the social
and cultural history of death in Germany, this volume will be an
indispensable starting point." . German History Recent years have
witnessed growing scholarly interest in the history of death.
Increasing academic attention toward death as a historical subject
in its own right is very much linked to its pre-eminent place in
20th-century history, and Germany, predictably, occupies a special
place in these inquiries. This collection of essays explores how
German mourning changed over the 20th century in different
contexts, with a particular view to how death was linked to larger
issues of social order and cultural self-understanding. It
contributes to a history of death in 20th-century Germany that does
not begin and end with the Third Reich."
'Excellent ... much to ponder' Financial Times 'Essential reading
for anyone who wants to understand the world of today' - Margaret
MacMillan, author of War: How Conflict Shaped Us 'A masterpiece'
David Motadel, author of Revolutionary World 1945. Europe lies in
ruins - its cities and towns destroyed by conflict, its economies
crippled, its societies ripped apart by war and violence. In the
wake of the physical devastation came profound moral questions: how
could Europe - once proudly confident of its place at the heart of
the 'civilised world' - have done this to itself? And what did it
mean that it had? In the years that followed, Europeans - from
politicians to refugees, poets to campaigners, religious leaders to
communist revolutionaries - tried to make sense of what had
happened, and to forge a new concept of civilisation that would
bring peace and progress to a broken continent. As they wrestled
with questions great and small - from the legacy of colonialism to
workplace etiquette - institutions and shared ideals emerged which
still shape our world today. Rich with original sources and
individual voices, this is a gripping, authoritative account of how
Europe rose from the ashes of the Second World War - and forged
itself anew.
Recent years have witnessed growing scholarly interest in the
history of death. Increasing academic attention toward death as a
historical subject in its own right is very much linked to its
pre-eminent place in 20th-century history, and Germany,
predictably, occupies a special place in these inquiries. This
collection of essays explores how German mourning changed over the
20th century in different contexts, with a particular view to how
death was linked to larger issues of social order and cultural
self-understanding. It contributes to a history of death in
20th-century Germany that does not begin and end with the Third
Reich.
'Excellent ... much to ponder' Financial Times In 1945, Europe lay
in ruins - its cities and towns destroyed by conflict, its
economies crippled, its societies ripped apart by war and violence.
In the wake of the physical devastation came profound moral
questions: how could Europe - once proudly confident of its place
at the heart of the 'civilised world' - have done this to itself?
And what did it mean that it had? In the years that followed,
Europeans - from politicians to refugees, poets to campaigners,
religious leaders to communist revolutionaries - tried to make
sense of what had happened, and to forge a new understanding of
civilisation that would bring peace and progress to a broken
continent. As they wrestled with questions great and small - from
the legacy of colonialism to workplace etiquette - institutions and
shared ideals emerged which still shape our world today. Drawing on
original sources as well as individual stories and voices, this is
a gripping and authoritative account of how Europe rose from the
ashes of the Second World War, forging itself anew in the process.
Throughout Germany's tumultuous twentieth century, photography was
an indispensable form of documentation. Whether acting as artists,
witnesses, or reformers, both professional and amateur
photographers chronicled social worlds through successive periods
of radical upheaval. The Ethics of Seeing brings together an
international group of scholars to explore the complex relationship
between the visual and the historic in German history. Emphasizing
the transformation of the visual arena and the ways in which
ordinary people made sense of world events, these revealing case
studies illustrate photography's multilayered role as a new form of
representation, a means to subjective experience, and a fresh mode
of narrating the past.
Religion and science were fundamental aspects of Eastern European
communist political culture from the very beginning, and remained
in uneasy tension across the region over the decades. While both
topics have long attracted a great deal of scholarly attention,
they almost invariably have been studied discretely as separate
stories. Religion, Science and Communism in Cold War Europe is the
first scholarly effort to explore the delicate interface of
religion, science and communism in Cold War Europe. It brings
together an international team of researchers who address this
relationship from a number of national viewpoints and thematic
perspectives, ranging from mysticism to social science, space
exploration to the socialist lifecycle, and architectural heritage
to pop culture.
The turn of the millennium has stimulated much scholarly reflection
on the historical significance of the twentieth century as a whole.
Explaining the century's dual legacy of progress and prosperity on
one hand, and of world war, genocide, and mass destruction on the
other, has become a key task for academics and policymakers alike.
Not surprisingly, Germany holds a prominent position in the
discussion. What does it mean for a society to be so closely
identified with both inflicting and withstanding enormous
suffering, as well as with promoting and enjoying unprecedented
affluence? What did Germany's experiences of misery and abundance,
fear and security, destruction and reconstruction, trauma and
rehabilitation have to do with one another? How has Germany been
imagined and experienced as a country uniquely stamped by pain and
prosperity? The contributors to this book engage these questions by
reconsidering Germany's recent past according to the themes of pain
and prosperity, focusing on such topics as welfare policy, urban
history, childbirth, medicine, racism, political ideology,
consumerism, and nostalgia.
Pro Reactive Extensions and LINQis a deep dive into the next
important technology for .NET developers: Reactive Extensions. This
in-depth tutorial goes beyond what is available anywhere else to
teach how to write WPF, Silverlight, and Windows Phone applications
using the Reactive Extensions (Rx) to handle events and
asynchronous method calls. Reactive programming allows you to turn
those aspects of your code that are currently imperative into
something much more event-driven and flexible. For this reason,
it's sometimes referred to as LINQ for Events. Reactive programming
hinges on the concept of the observable collection, as opposed to
the simple enumerable collection with which we're all familiar. For
example, to extract data from a collection and add it to a list
box, you would traditionally iterate through the list box,
extracting each object in turn. This approach works fine, but it
requires significant knowledgeabout the data you're working with,
which can be limiting. In Rx programming, you're instead informed
about each object in turn and then free to react to each
notification however you like, which affords much greater
flexibility. What you'll learn How to create, debug and manage
reactive extensions in many situations The observer pattern and how
it can be applied to your projects How to avoid spaghetti code by
using Rx to manage your asynchronous methods How to use SelectMany
to explore the heart of the Reactive Extensions How to come to
grips with the reactiveuser interface framework for building both
small and large applications Who this book is for
This book will be most beneficial to existing .NET developers
with a grounding in WPF, Silverlight and C#, who want to take their
skills further using the powerful reactive programming approach.
Table of Contents
Welcome to LINQ and RX Core LINQ Core Rx Practical Rx Inside Rx
and LINQ LINQ to SQL Rx and Javascript Reactive UI: Rx and MVVM
Testing Rx
Private life in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) is often seen
as having been virtually non-existent, simply another East German
commodity forever in short supply. In part this had to do with the
common perception that private life and state socialism were at
odds by definition, to the extent that the private person has no
legal identity or political standing outside the socialist
community. The East German regime's infamous surveillance
techniques, best illustrated in the notorious exploits of the
state's sprawling security force - the Stasi - and its reserve army
of 'unofficial collaborators', further dramatized the full
penetration of the state into the private sphere. Within Walls
takes a different perspective. Paul Betts shows how, despite the
primacy of public identities, the private sphere assumed central
importance in the GDR from the very outset, and was especially
pronounced in the regime's former capital city. In a world in which
social interaction was heavily monitored, private life functioned
for many citizens as a cherished arena of individuality,
alternative identity-formation, and potential dissent. Betts
carefully charts the changing meaning of private life in the GDR
across a variety of fields, ranging from law to photography,
religion to interior decoration, family living to memoir
literature, revealing the myriad ways in which privacy was
expressed, staged, and defended by citizens living in a communist
society.
The turn of the millennium has stimulated much scholarly reflection
on the historical significance of the twentieth century as a whole.
Explaining the century's dual legacy of progress and prosperity on
one hand, and of world war, genocide, and mass destruction on the
other, has become a key task for academics and policymakers alike.
Not surprisingly, Germany holds a prominent position in the
discussion. What does it mean for a society to be so closely
identified with both inflicting and withstanding enormous
suffering, as well as with promoting and enjoying unprecedented
affluence? What did Germany's experiences of misery and abundance,
fear and security, destruction and reconstruction, trauma and
rehabilitation have to do with one another? How has Germany been
imagined and experienced as a country uniquely stamped by pain and
prosperity? The contributors to this book engage these questions by
reconsidering Germany's recent past according to the themes of pain
and prosperity, focusing on such topics as welfare policy, urban
history, childbirth, medicine, racism, political ideology,
consumerism, and nostalgia.
This collectively written monograph is the first work to provide a
broad history of the relationship between Eastern Europe and the
decolonising world. It ranges from the late nineteenth to the late
twentieth century, but at its core is the dynamic of the post-1945
period, when socialism's importance as a globalising force
accelerated and drew together what contemporaries called the
'Second' and 'Third Worlds'. At the centre of this history is the
encounter between the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe on one hand,
and a wider world casting off European empires or struggling
against western imperialism on the other. The origins of these
connections are traced back to new forms of internationalism
enabled by the Russian Revolution; the interplay between the first
'decolonisation' of the twentieth century in Eastern Europe and
rising anti-colonial movements; and the global rise of fascism,
which created new connections between East and South. The heart of
the study, however, lies in the Cold War, when these contacts and
relationships dramatically intensified. A common embrace of
socialist modernisation and anti-imperial culture opened up
possibilities for a new and meaningful exchange between the
peripheries of Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia.
Such linkages are examined across many different fields - from
health to archaeology, economic development to the arts - and
through many people - from students to experts to labour migrants -
who all helped to shape a different form and meaning of
globalisation.
"Paul Betts first came to my attention through his pioneering
article on the post-1945 Bauhaus myth as a joint German-American
venture. This book is a landmark study of cultural continuities and
ruptures, institutional realignments, and individual careers that
introduces a breath of fresh air into a field of research long
staled by received ideas. It demonstrates the rewards of
approaching the years from 1933 to 1945 as a revealing window onto
the subsequent history of West Germany."--Wolfgang Schivelbusch
""The Authority of Everyday Objects" is a small gem of the new
cultural history. This is a work of striking originality and
insight that fits the development of industrial design in postwar
Germany into the country's broader social, cultural and political
history, constructing an analytical narrative that carries from the
Third Reich into the Cold War. It illuminates not merely cultural
transformation but the wider social history of twentieth-century
Germany."--Stanley G. Payne, author of "A History of Fascism,
1914-1945"
""The Authority of Everyday Objects" is a refreshing, innovative,
and convincing approach to post-World War II Western consumer
society. Design--as a weapon in Cold War competition and as a
vehicle for German redemption by revitalizing Bauhaus
traditions--is thoroughly researched and wonderfully presented in
Paul Betts' book. This well-illustrated work convinces the reader
that design was a part of gluecklich Leben ("lucky life") and
schoen wohnen ("beautiful living"), and a factor in the
politicization of material culture."--Ivan T. Berend, author of
"Decades of Crisis: Central and Eastern Europe before World War II
and History Derailed: Central and EasternEurope in the Long
Nineteenth Century"
This project explores pre-service teacher's experiences with
learning, teaching and the nature of mathematics during an
elementary mathematics curriculum course. I focus on interpreting
student participants' evolving images of mathematics/teaching, to
make sense of my own evolving images of mathematics/teaching. This
inquiry is framed by principles of complexity, which is a
post-positivist and holistic framework for interpreting social
phenomena. The methodology is oriented by narrative inquiry, which
is a means to notice and interpret the co-constructed storied
experiences of others and self. As a result of student participant
data analysis processes, an interpretive lens emerged for
understanding a student's evolving images of mathematics/teaching
in terms of co-negotiating tensions, dissonances and contradictions
among available narratives within a participant's apparent
experiences. My interpretations of student stories are a means of
understanding my own story as a negotiation of competing
narratives. The processes and products of this inquiry may provide
insight into the complex question of teachers changing and changing
teachers.
This is a thorough and serious analysis of Friedlander's thinking,
as one of the most important Holocaust scholars of our time. This
volume provides an in-depth discussion of Saul Friedlander's
recently published second volume of his landmark history of the
Holocaust, "Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Extermination
1939-1945". This book - the sequel to his volume on the pre-war
years, "Nazi Germany and the Jews 1933-1939: The Years of
Persecution" (1997) - has received wide acclaim and was awarded the
prestigious Friedenspreis in Germany as well as the Pulitzer Prize
for History (USA) in 2008. This volume brings together a range of
internationally acclaimed historians to address the manifold
conceptual and historiographical issues raised in Friedlander's
monumental work. The aim of this book is not simply to evaluate
Friedlander's work on its own merits, but rather to use his text as
a means of exploring the contours and future of Holocaust
historiography. Of central concern is to situate his work within
the broader terrain of Holocaust studies and European history, as
well as to explore the ways in which his book opens up new
directions in the knowledge, study and understanding of the Shoah
in particular and twentieth century genocide in general.
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