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First glorified as the Saviour of Christendom and then vilified as
an enemy of the Church, Charles Martel's career has been written
and rewritten from the time of his descendents. This important new
study draws on strictly contemporary sources to assess his real
achievements and offers new insights into a fascinating period.
This short study in English of Charles Martel, the Frankish ruler who was first glorified as Savior of Christendom and then vilified as enemy of the Church assesses Martel's real achievements and suggests that during Martel's rise to power he was the beneficiary, rather than the agent of, social cultural change. In the process, the author demonstrates how recent scholarship has demolished Martel's role in the development of the Feudal system.
The volume consists of sixteen papers on the history of Francia
between the seventh and eleventh centuries. Originally published
between 1979 and 2009, the papers are arranged around three
interlinking themes: the relationship between History and
Hagiography, the history of Francia under the respective regimes of
the Merovingan and Carolingian kings, and the problem of how states
with weak governing institutions were able to exercise power over
large areas. The history of Francia has been one of the most
productive areas of early medieval history over the past two
generations. Models of European development have been based on its
rich materials and the fact that the polity lasted for half a
millennium makes it a prime area for the study of the dialectic
between continuity and change. The papers collected here all have
this 'big history' as their background. It is to be hoped that
keying into such questions makes them both accessible and useful
for students and teachers alike.
The most up-to-date research in the period from the Anglo-Saxons to
Angevins. This volume of the Haskins Society Journal furthers the
Society's commitment to historical and interdisciplinary research
on the early and central Middle Ages, especially in the
Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, and Angevin worldsbut also on the
continent. The topics of the essays it contains range from the
curious place of Francia in the historiography of medieval Europe
to strategies of royal land distribution in tenth-century
Anglo-Saxon England to the representation of men and masculinity in
the works of Anglo-Norman historians. Essays on the place of
polemical literature in Frutolf of Michelsberg's Chronicle,
exploration of the relationship between chivalryand crusading in
Baudry of Bourgeuil's History, and Cosmas of Prague's manipulation
of historical memory in the service of ecclesiastical privilege and
priority each extend the volume's engagement with medieval
historiography, employing rich continental examples to do so.
Investigations of comital personnel in Anjou and Henry II's
management of royal forests and his foresters shed new light on the
evolving nature of secular governance in the twelfth centuries and
challenge and refine important aspects of our view of medieval rule
in this period. The volume ends with a wide-ranging reflection on
the continuing importance of the art object itself in medieval
history and visual studies. Contributors: H.F. Doherty, Kathryn
Dutton, Kirsten Fenton, Paul Fouracre, Herbert Kessler, Ryan
Lavelle, Thomas J.H. McCarthy, Lisa Wolverton, Simon Yarrow.
In early Christianity it was established that every church should
have a light burning on the altar at all times. In this unique
study, Eternal light and earthly concerns, looks at the material
and social consequences of maintaining these 'eternal' lights. It
investigates how the cost of lighting was met across western Europe
throughout the whole of the Middle Ages, revealing the social
organisation that was built up around maintaining the lights in the
belief that burning them reduced the time spent in Purgatory. When
that belief collapsed in the Reformation the eternal lights were
summarily extinguished. The history of the lights thus offers not
only a new account of change in medieval Europe, but also a
sustained examination of the relationship between materiality and
belief. -- .
Isidore of Seville (560-636) was a crucial figure in the
preservation and sharing of classical and early Christian
knowledge. His compilations of the works of earlier authorities
formed an essential part of monastic education for centuries. Due
to the vast amount of information he gathered and its wide
dissemination in the Middle Ages, Pope John Paul II even named
Isidore the patron saint of the Internet in 1997. This volume
represents a cross section of the various approaches scholars have
taken toward Isidore's writings. The essays explore his sources,
how he selected and arranged them for posterity, and how his legacy
was reflected in later generations' work across the early medieval
West. Rich in archival detail, this collection provides a wealth of
interdisciplinary expertise on one of history's greatest
intellectuals.
This collection of highly original essays by leading early medieval
historians honours the work and career of Dame Janet (Jinty)
Nelson, one of the most respected and influential scholars of her
generation. The essays build on the spirit of Janet Nelson's work
by linking the study of Francia with at least one other area or
general theme of early medieval history. The papers range across
all of the regions of Europe affected by Frankish culture and
explore themes which reflect the cutting edge of the work she
inspired: memory, queenship, the treatment of prisoners of war,
penance, the use of property, historiography, palaeography,
prosopography, religious organization. The volume includes an
appreciation of her career, and is rounded off by a topical index
to highlight its thematic aspects. -- .
This collection of documents in translation brings together the
seminal sources for the late Merovingian Frankish kingdom. It
inteprets the chronicles and saint's lives rigorously to reveal new
insights into the nature and significance of sanctity, power and
power relationships. The book makes available a range of 7th- and
early 8th-century texts, five of which have never before been
translated into English. It opens with a broad-ranging explanation
of the historical background to the translated texts and then each
source is accompanied by a full commentary and an introductory
essay exploring its authorship, language and subject matter. The
sources are rich in the detail of Merovingian political life. Their
subjects are the powerful in society and they reveal the successful
interplay between power and sanctity, a process which came to
underpin much of European culture throughout the early Middle Ages.
-- .
In early Christianity it was established that every church should
have a light burning on the altar at all times. In this unique
study, Eternal light and earthly concerns, looks at the material
and social consequences of maintaining these 'eternal' lights. It
investigates how the cost of lighting was met across western Europe
throughout the whole of the Middle Ages, revealing the social
organisation that was built up around maintaining the lights in the
belief that burning them reduced the time spent in Purgatory. When
that belief collapsed in the Reformation the eternal lights were
summarily extinguished. The history of the lights thus offers not
only a new account of change in medieval Europe, but also a
sustained examination of the relationship between materiality and
belief. -- .
The first volume of The New Cambridge Medieval History covers the
transitional period between the later Roman world and the early
middle ages, c. 500 to c. 700. This was an era of developing
consciousness and profound change in Europe, Byzantium and the Arab
world, an era in which the foundations of medieval society were
laid and to which many of our modern myths of national and
religious identity can be traced. This book offers a comprehensive
regional survey of the sixth and seventh centuries, from Ireland in
the west to the rise of Islam in the Middle East, and from
Scandinavia in the north to the Mediterranean south. It explores
the key themes pinning together the history of this period, from
kingship, trade and the church, to art, architecture and education.
It represents both an invaluable conspectus of current scholarship
and an expert introduction to the period.
This book is a collection of original essays on gift in the early
Middle Ages, from Anglo-Saxon England to the Islamic world.
Focusing on the languages of gift, the essays reveal how early
medieval people visualized and thought about gift, and how they
distinguished between the giving of gifts and other forms of
social, economic, political and religious exchange. The same team,
largely, that produced the widely cited The Settlement of Disputes
in Early Medieval Europe (Cambridge University Press, 1986) has
again collaborated in a collective effort that harnesses individual
expertise in order to draw from the sources a deeper understanding
of the early Middle Ages by looking at real cases, that is at real
people, whether peasant or emperor. The culture of medieval gift
has often been treated as archaic and exotic; in this book, by
contrast, we see people going about their lives in individual,
down-to-earth and sometimes familiar ways.
This pioneering volume illuminates the practice of giving, endowing
and exchanging gifts in the early Middle Ages, from Anglo-Saxon
England to the Islamic world. Focusing especially on the language
associated with medieval gift giving, this important new work
examines how people visualized and thought about gift giving and,
importantly, how they distinguished between the giving of gifts and
other social, economic, political and religious exchanges. The
authors demonstrate that gift giving was already complex,
distinctive and sometimes contentious before the twelfth century
and operated within a broad international context. They draw from
the sources a deeper understanding of the early Middle Ages by
looking at real cases and real people: peasants, the elderly and
women, as well as elites. The culture of medieval gift has often
been treated as archaic and exotic; this book, by contrast, reveals
people going about their lives as individuals in down-to-earth and
sometimes familiar ways.
This is a collection of original essays on the relationship between
property and power, a fundamental theme in medieval history. It
addresses four main issues: the meaning of power over property; the
ways in which property conveyed power; the nature of immunities;
and the power of royal authority to affect property relations. The
areas studied include Wales, England, France, Germany, Italy, and
Byzantium, and the essays range across the period 650-1150. A
substantial introduction is included, which explains the nature of
the issues, and a conclusion expresses the team's overall view of
the subject. Aimed at a wide readership of both scholars and
students, the volume also includes a glossary to help readers who
may be unfamiliar with the material or the period.
This is a collection of original essays on the relationship between
property and power, a fundamental theme in medieval history. It
addresses four main issues: the meaning of power over property; the
ways in which property conveyed power; the nature of immunities;
and the power of royal authority to affect property relations. The
areas studied include Wales, England, France, Germany, Italy, and
Byzantium, and the essays range across the period 650-1150. A
substantial introduction is included, which explains the nature of
the issues, and a conclusion expresses the team's overall view of
the subject. Aimed at a wide readership of both scholars and
students, the volume also includes a glossary to help readers who
may be unfamiliar with the material or the period.
This is a collection of original essays on the settlement of
disputes in the early middle ages, a subject of central importance
for social and political history. Case material, from the evidence
of charters, is used to reveal the realities of the settlement
process in the behaviour and interactions of people - instead of
the prescriptive and idealised models of law-codes and edicts. The
book is not therefore a technical study of charters evidence. The
geographical range across Europe is unusually wide, which allows
comparison across differing societies. Frankish material is
inevitably prominent, but the contributors have sought to integrate
Celtic, Greek, Italian and Spanish material into the mainstream of
the subject. Above all, the book aims to 'demystify' the study of
early medieval law, and to present a radical reappraisal of
established assumptions about law and society.
The publication of The New Cambridge Medieval History is a major
landmark in the field of historical publishing. Written by leading
international scholars and incorporating the very latest research,
the History will become the essential reference tool for anyone
interested in the medieval world. The original Cambridge Medieval
History was published between 1911 and 1936, with a new edition of
Volume 4 appearing in the 1960s. That famous series is now out of
print, and is being replaced by The New Cambridge Medieval History
which will present a reliable, detailed history from late antiquity
to c.1500. To be published in seven volumes, with volume 4 divided
into two parts, it will provide a unique, authoritative guide to
medieval life and thought.
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