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Weingartner shows that an essential part of natural or
philosophical theology and even a part of theology can be treated
axiomatically. God's essence, omniscience, omnipotence, creating
activity, and all-goodness are described by axioms and by theorems
proved from them.
Providing insights into the interrelation between scientific and
religious belief, this work covers features of belief in general
and discusses distinctive properties between belief, knowledge and
acceptance. These properties are considered in relation and
comparison to religious belief. Among the contributions are topics
such as: the change of scientific belief in relation to the change
of our information; is belief value-free?; what are rational
reasons (for the justification) of religious hypotheses?; and what
are the important similarities and differences between scientific
and religious belief? The different features and aspects are
discussed in respect to the great religions of mankind. In addition
to the research papers the book contains selections of the
discussion which help to clarify details. It should be of interest
to philosophers, theologians and those interested in philosophical
questions concerning religion.
The book defends that there is both teleological order (design) and
chance in non-living and in living systems of nature including man.
This is done by giving exact definitions of different types of
order and teleological order on the one hand and of different types
of chance on the other. For their compatibility it is important to
notice that any definition of chance presupposes some kind of order
relative to that we can speak of chance. Thus also in evolution
which is some growth of some order and for which a detailed
definition is given in chpt.13 chance and degrees of freedom play
an essential role. A further purpose of the book is to show that
both the existing order and the existing chance in nature are
compatible with a global teleological plan which is God's
providence. However concerning the execution of God's plan not
everything is done or caused by himself but "God created things in
such a way that they themselves can create something" (Goedel, MAX
PHIL). A reason for that is that God is neither all-causing nor
all-willing although he is almighty. This is connected with the
result of chpts.15 and 16 that also human freedom and evil are
compatible with God's providence.
This volume presents different conceptions of logic and mathematics
and discuss their philosophical foundations and consequences. This
concerns first of all topics of Wittgenstein's ideas on logic and
mathematics; questions about the structural complexity of
propositions; the more recent debate about Neo-Logicism and
Neo-Fregeanism; the comparison and translatability of different
logics; the foundations of mathematics: intuitionism, mathematical
realism, and formalism. The contributing authors are Matthias Baaz,
Francesco Berto, Jean-Yves Beziau, Elena Dragalina-Chernya, Gunther
Eder, Susan Edwards-McKie, Oliver Feldmann, Juliet Floyd, Norbert
Gratzl, Richard Heinrich, Janusz Kaczmarek, Wolfgang Kienzler, Timm
Lampert, Itala Maria Loffredo D'Ottaviano, Paolo Mancosu, Matthieu
Marion, Felix Muhlhoelzer, Charles Parsons, Edi Pavlovic, Christoph
Pfisterer, Michael Potter, Richard Raatzsch, Esther Ramharter,
Stefan Riegelnik, Gabriel Sandu, Georg Schiemer, Gerhard Schurz,
Dana Scott, Stewart Shapiro, Karl Sigmund, William W. Tait, Mark
van Atten, Maria van der Schaar, Vladimir Vasyukov, Jan von Plato,
Jan Wolenski and Richard Zach.
The aim of the book is to clarify the concept of omniscience. This
is done first by discussing basic questions on omniscience
(chs.1-12) and secondly by offering a theory of omniscience as an
axiomatic system in which also a definition of omniscience is given
(ch.13). The twelve chapters deal with questions like whether
everything is true what God knows, whether Gods knowledge is bound
to time, whether it concerns singular truths or only laws, whether
it extends also to contingent futureevents.etc. The book is neither
a book about the existence of God nor about proofs for his
existence. It is a book about the possibility of a consistent
concept of omniscience which can be attributed to God. And it
invalidates opposite claims and shows that they are based on wrong
or very doubtful premises. The pros and cons at the beginning of
each chapter represent different positions and objections which are
clarified and discussed in the answer to the objections."
This volume comprises a selection of papers that were contributed
to the 7th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and
Philosophy of Science, which was held in Salzburg from the 11th -
16th July, 1983. There were 14 sections in this congress: 1. proof
theory and foundations of mathematics 2. model theory and its
applica ti on 3. recursion theory and theory of computation 4.
axiomatic set theory 5. philosophical logic 6. general methodology
of science 7. foundations of probability and induction 8.
foundations and philosophy of the physical sciences 9. foundati ons
and phi 1 osophy of biology 10. foundations and philosophy of
psychology foundations and philosophy 11. of the social sciences
12. foundati ons and philosophy of linguistics 13. history of
logic, methodology and philosophy of science 14. fundamental
principles of the ethics of science In each section, three or four
invited addresses were given, which will be published in the
Congress Proceedings (Ruth Barcan Marcus, Georg J. W. Dorn and Paul
Weingartner, eds.: Logic, Metho dology and Philosophy of Science
VII. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Logic,
Methodology and Philosophy of v PREFACE Science, Salzburg, 1983. -
Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing 'Company,
1985. ) Every section with the exception of section 14 also
contained contributed papers."
The aim of the book is to refute the claim that God's omniscience,
omnipotence and benevolence on the one hand and the existence of
evil on the other are together inconsistent. This is shown first by
unmasking many types of such claims as either logical fallacies or
as presupposing false assumptions. Secondly the author formulates
God's attributes of omniscience, omnipotence and benevolence and
the existence of 10 types of evil in an axiomatic system. This
contains the theorems about God's knowledge, will, causation and
benevolence without leading to any inconsistency. It proves the
compatibility between God's attributes of omniscience, omnipotence
and benevolence with the fact of existence of evil. The author
offers a consistency proof for the whole axiomatic system with the
help of a model in which all axioms and theorems are satisfied.
The present book is a book on epistemology with the special and new
focus on the relation of different types of knowledge and a
differentiated comparison to both scientific and religious belief.
The present book distinguishes seven types of knowledge and
compares them with both scientific and religious belief. The ususal
view is that scientific and religious belief have nothing or not
much in common. Although there are important differences, in
contradistinction to this widespread view it is shown that there
are also many similarities between them. There are similarities
concerning the reasons for belief, with respect to the action of
believing, concerning a similar voluntary component, or even
concerning properties of the content of belief. A detailed
discussion of many types of knowledge and a differentiated
comparison to scientific and religious belief is an important new
contribution to the scientific literature in epistemology.
This volume presents different conceptions of logic and mathematics
and discuss their philosophical foundations and consequences. This
concerns first of all topics of Wittgenstein's ideas on logic and
mathematics; questions about the structural complexity of
propositions; the more recent debate about Neo-Logicism and
Neo-Fregeanism; the comparison and translatability of different
logics; the foundations of mathematics: intuitionism, mathematical
realism, and formalism. The contributing authors are Matthias Baaz,
Francesco Berto, Jean-Yves Beziau, Elena Dragalina-Chernya, Gunther
Eder, Susan Edwards-McKie, Oliver Feldmann, Juliet Floyd, Norbert
Gratzl, Richard Heinrich, Janusz Kaczmarek, Wolfgang Kienzler, Timm
Lampert, Itala Maria Loffredo D'Ottaviano, Paolo Mancosu, Matthieu
Marion, Felix Muhlhoelzer, Charles Parsons, Edi Pavlovic, Christoph
Pfisterer, Michael Potter, Richard Raatzsch, Esther Ramharter,
Stefan Riegelnik, Gabriel Sandu, Georg Schiemer, Gerhard Schurz,
Dana Scott, Stewart Shapiro, Karl Sigmund, William W. Tait, Mark
van Atten, Maria van der Schaar, Vladimir Vasyukov, Jan von Plato,
Jan Wolenski and Richard Zach.
Like relativity and quantum theory chaos research is another
prominent concept of 20th century physics that has triggered deep
and far-reaching discussions in the philosophy of science. In this
volume outstanding scientists discuss the fundamental problems of
the concepts of law and of prediction. They present their views in
their contributions to this volume, but they also are exposed to
criticism in transcriptions of recordings made during discussions
and in comments on their views also published in this book.
Although all authors assume familiarity with some background in
physics they also address the philosophers of science and even a
general audience interested in modern science's contribution to a
deeper understanding of reality.
This volume comprises a selection of papers that were contributed
to the 7th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and
Philosophy of Science, which was held in Salzburg from the 11th -
16th July, 1983. There were 14 sections in this congress: 1. proof
theory and foundations of mathematics 2. model theory and its
applica ti on 3. recursion theory and theory of computation 4.
axiomatic set theory 5. philosophical logic 6. general methodology
of science 7. foundations of probability and induction 8.
foundations and philosophy of the physical sciences 9. foundati ons
and phi 1 osophy of biology 10. foundations and philosophy of
psychology foundations and philosophy 11. of the social sciences
12. foundati ons and philosophy of linguistics 13. history of
logic, methodology and philosophy of science 14. fundamental
principles of the ethics of science In each section, three or four
invited addresses were given, which will be published in the
Congress Proceedings (Ruth Barcan Marcus, Georg J. W. Dorn and Paul
Weingartner, eds. : Logic, Metho dology and Philosophy of Science
VII. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Logic,
Methodology and Philosophy of v PREFACE Science, Salzburg, 1983. -
Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing 'Company,
1985. ) Every section with the exception of section 14 also
contained contributed papers.
The aim of the book is to show that the Five Ways of Thomas
Aquinas, i.e. his five arguments to prove the existence of God, are
logically correct arguments by the standards of modern Predicate
Logic. In the first chapter this is done by commenting on the two
preliminary articles preceeding the Five Ways in which Thomas
Aquinas points out that on the one hand the existence of God is not
self-evident to us and on the other hand, that, similar as in some
scientific explanations, the mere existence of a cause for an
effect which is evidently known to us can be proved. In the second
chapter every argument is translated into the symbolic form of
Predicate Logic and its logical validity is shown. Additionally a
detailed and critical discussion of the premises of each argument
is given.
Der Atheismus erlebte in den letzten Jahren eine Renaissance. Durch
verschiedene Publikationen wurde der Atheismus in der
Offentlichkeit und in den Wissenschaften wieder zum Thema.
Religioser Glaube sei mit einem wissenschaftlichen Weltbild nicht
vereinbar, so viele Atheisten. Diese Bewegung fasst man unter dem
Namen Neuer Atheismus zusammen. Aber ist tatsachlich etwas neu am
neuen Atheismus ? Gibt es in den modernen Naturwissenschaften noch
einen Platz fur Gott? Konnen Argumente der neuen Atheisten
uberzeugend zeigen, dass es unvernunftig und unwissenschaftlich
ist, an die Existenz eines Gottes zu glauben? Dies sind nur einige
Beispielfragen, die die Autoren dieses Bandes versuchen werden zu
beantworten. Die Autoren kommen aus unterschiedlichsten
Disziplinen: Aus der Physik, der Biologie, der Mathematik, der
Philosophie und der Theologie."
After a distinction between private religious visions and prophetic
religious manifestations this book provides a deteiled description
of the great Marian Apparitions in Guadalupe, La Salette, Lourdes,
Fatima, Medjugorje and Kibeho. These events are investigated with
the axiomatic method, describing its essential features with axioms
and definitions from which theorems are derived. The axioms and
theorems consider the events to be miracles; they cover the
credibility of the events, the reliability of the seers, the
voluntary component of the believers and the content and
seriousness of the messages given to the people in the whole world.
In addition a comparison is made between the prophetic apparitions
of Mary and Christian Revelation. This book defends that the
ultimate origin of the prophetic manifestations of Mary, including
her messages to the world, is God. "Ein innovativer Zugang zum
Phanomen Medjugorje" Cardinal Schoenborn, Wien
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