Pliny and the Eruption of Vesuvius is a forensic examination of two of the most famous letters from the ancient Mediterranean world, Pliny the Younger's Epistulae 6.16 and 6.20, which offer a contemporary account of the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. This volume provides the first comprehensive full-length treatment of these documents, contextualized by evidence-rich biographies for both Plinys, and a synthesis of the latest archaeological and volcanological research which answers questions about the eruption date. A new collation of sources results in a detailed manuscript tradition and an authoritative Latin text, while commentaries on each letter offer copiously referenced insights on their structure, style, and meaning. This book offers a thorough companion to these letters, and to the eruption, which will be of interest not only to those working on Vesuvius, Pompeii and Herculaneum, and the works of Pliny, but also to general readers, Latin students, and scholars of the Roman world more broadly.