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The history of Peru spans several millennia. Long before the Incas,
there existed peoples who thrived in this territory. About 15,200
years ago, groups of people are believed to have crossed the Bering
Strait from Asia and survived as nomads, hunting, gathering fruits
and vegetables and fishing in the sea, rivers and lakes. Peruvian
territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the six
oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in
Pre-Columbian America. When the Spanish landed in 1531, Peru's
territory was the nucleus of the highly developed Inca
civilization. Centered at Cuzco, the Inca Empire extended over a
vast region, stretching from northern Ecuador to central Chile.
Francisco Pizarro and his brothers were attracted by the news of a
rich and fabulous kingdom. In 1532, they arrived in the country,
which they called Peru. (The forms Biru, Piru, and Beru are also
seen in early records.) According to Raul Porras Barrenechea, Peru
is not a Quechuan nor Caribbean word, but Indo-Hispanic or hybrid.
In the years between 1524 and 1526 smallpox, introduced from Panama
and preceding the Spanish conquerors swept through the Inca Empire.
The death of the Incan ruler Huayna Capac as well as most of his
family including his heir, caused the fall of the Incan political
structure and contributed to the civil war between the brothers
Atahualpa and Huascar. Taking advantage of this, Pizarro carried
out a coup d'etat. On November 16, 1532, while the natives were in
a celebration in Cajamarca, the Spanish in a surprise move captured
the Inca Atahualpa during the Battle of Cajamarca, causing a great
consternation among the natives and conditioning the future course
of the fight. When Huascar was killed, the Spanish tried and
convicted Atahualpa of the murder, executing him by strangulation.
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This
IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced
typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have
occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor
pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original
artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe
this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections,
have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing
commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We
appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the
preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields
in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as
an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
++++ Obras De D. J. Garcia Icazbalceta ..., Volume 2; Obras De D.
J. Garcia Icazbalceta; Pedro Sancho Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta,
Pedro Sancho Imp. de V. Agueros, editor, 1896 Mexico; Peru
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This
IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced
typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have
occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor
pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original
artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe
this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections,
have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing
commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We
appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the
preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This
IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced
typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have
occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor
pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original
artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe
this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections,
have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing
commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We
appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the
preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
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