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Over the last two decades, the process of European integration
has become interwoven with the theme of citizenship and the debate
on the democratic quality of the EU and of its institutions has
become more salient. What are the views about Europe which emerge
when we interrogate the national elites of the four large South
European countries, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and what is
their vision of a supra-national citizenship in its different
facets? Are these views sufficiently homogeneous and do they
distinguish themselves from those of the rest of the European Union
to the point of enabling us to talk about a "distinctive region of
Europe"? Which interpretation(s) of European citizenship emerges
from a systematic exploration of these opinions?
Using a set of survey and textual data collected in the
framework of the IntUne project, the authors attempt to provide
some original answers to these questions.
This book was published as a special issue of South European
Society and Politics.
This book provides an in-depth analysis of the 'technocratic shift'
in ministerial recruitment, measuring its extent and variations
over time in fourteen European countries. It addresses the
question: who governs in European democratic regimes? Just a few
decades ago, the answer would have been straightforward: party-men
and (fewer) party-women. More recently, however, and in varying
degrees across Europe, a greater proportion of non-politicians or
experts have been recruited to government, as exemplified by the
2017 election of Emmanuel Macron to the French Presidency. These
experts, frequently labelled "technocrats", increasingly occupy key
executive positions and have emerged as powerful actors in the
decision-making process. This edited collection explores the
contemporary debates surrounding the relationship between
technocracy, democracy and political leadership, and will appeal to
scholars and advanced students interested in these fields.
This book describes the state of the art across the broad range of
spectroscopic techniques used in the study of biological systems.
It reviews some of the latest advances achieved in the application
of these techniques in the analysis and characterization of small
and large biological compounds, covering topics such as VUV/UV and
UV-visible spectroscopies, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR and Raman
techniques, dynamic light scattering (DLS), circular dichroism
(CD/SR-CD), pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance techniques,
Moessbauer spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray methods
and electron and ion impact spectroscopies. The second part of the
book focuses on modelling methods and illustrates how these tools
have been used and integrated with other experimental and
theoretical techniques including also electron transfer processes
and fast kinetics methods. The book will benefit students,
researchers and professionals working with these techniques to
understand the fundamental mechanisms of biological systems.
In modern politics, cabinet ministers are major actors in the arena
of power as they occupy a strategic locus of command from which
vital, authoritative decisions flow continuously. Who are these
uppermost policy-makers? What are their background characteristics
and credentials? How are they selected and which career paths do
they travel in their ascent to power? This set of research issues
has guided this collection, a comprehensive, empirical account of
the composition and patterns of recruitment of ministerial elites
in Southern Europe throughout the last 150 years, thus encompassing
different historical circumstances and political settings -
liberal, authoritarian and democratic. With original, comparative
data from the 19th century to the present, it provides valuable
material for debates about how regime change and economic
development affect who governs. First published in 2003 by Frank
Cass / Reprinted in 2012 by Routledge
Electoral and parliamentary arenas play a crucial role in the
configuration and dynamics of modern polities. This book explores
the practices of citizenship and unveils the fabric of
representation in the Iberian countries, during a significant
period of liberal politics, that is, from its apogee to its
collapse (from the 1870s to the 1920s). Part One examines the
evolution of electoral norms and behaviour, as well as the
recruitment profile of MPs. Portugal and Spain share fundamental
features, such as the extensive clientelistic mobilisation of
voters, the dissemination of fraud and corruption, the supremacy of
governmental parties and the prevalence of the politics of
notables. Part Two focuses on Parliament, questioning
constitutional models, internal procedures, legislative action and
political activity, as well as coetaneous perceptions and images of
the institution and its actors as portrayed in novels, newspaper
chronicles, cartoons and photographic reports. This collection of
essays offers a detailed and cogent analysis, as well as a vivid
picture, of the politics of representation in Portuguese and
Spanish liberalism, revealing significant similarities and
differences through cross-country comparisons.
This book describes the state of the art across the broad range of
spectroscopic techniques used in the study of biological systems.
It reviews some of the latest advances achieved in the application
of these techniques in the analysis and characterization of small
and large biological compounds, covering topics such as VUV/UV and
UV-visible spectroscopies, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR and Raman
techniques, dynamic light scattering (DLS), circular dichroism
(CD/SR-CD), pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance techniques,
Moessbauer spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray methods
and electron and ion impact spectroscopies. The second part of the
book focuses on modelling methods and illustrates how these tools
have been used and integrated with other experimental and
theoretical techniques including also electron transfer processes
and fast kinetics methods. The book will benefit students,
researchers and professionals working with these techniques to
understand the fundamental mechanisms of biological systems.
Electoral and parliamentary arenas play a crucial role in the
configuration and dynamics of modern polities. This book explores
the practices of citizenship and unveils the fabric of
representation in the Iberian countries, during a significant
period of liberal politics, that is, from its apogee to its
collapse (from the 1870s to the 1920s). Part One examines the
evolution of electoral norms and behaviour, as well as the
recruitment profile of MPs. Portugal and Spain share fundamental
features, such as the extensive clientelistic mobilisation of
voters, the dissemination of fraud and corruption, the supremacy of
governmental parties and the prevalence of the politics of
notables. Part Two focuses on Parliament, questioning
constitutional models, internal procedures, legislative action and
political activity, as well as coetaneous perceptions and images of
the institution and its actors as portrayed in novels, newspaper
chronicles, cartoons and photographic reports. This collection of
essays offers a detailed and cogent analysis, as well as a vivid
picture, of the politics of representation in Portuguese and
Spanish liberalism, revealing significant similarities and
differences through cross-country comparisons.
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