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Sir Isaac Newton famously said, regarding his discoveries, "If I
have seen further it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants."
The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life describes, complete
with fascinating biographical details of the thinkers involved, the
ascent to the metaphorical shoulders accomplished by the greatest
minds in history. For the first time, a single book can take the
reader on a journey through the history of the universe as
interpreted by the expanding body of knowledge of humankind. From
subatomic particles to the protein chains that form life, and
expanding in scale to the entire universe, this book covers the
science that explains how we came to be. The Evolving Universe and
the Origin of Life contains a great breadth of knowledge, from
astronomy to physics, from chemistry to biology. It includes over
350 figures that enhance the comprehension of concepts both basic
and advanced, and is a non-technical, easy-to-read text at an
introductory college level that is ideal for anyone interested in
science as well as its history.
Generalising Newton's law of gravitation, general relativity is one
of the pillars of modern physics. While applications in the
beginning were restricted to isolated effects such as a proper
understanding of Mercury's orbit, the second half of the twentieth
century saw a massive development of applications. These include
cosmology, gravitational waves, and even very practical results for
satellite based positioning systems as well as different approaches
to unite general relativity with another very successful branch of
physics - quantum theory. On the occassion of general relativity's
centennial, leading scientists in the different branches of
gravitational research review the history and recent advances in
the main fields of applications of the theory, which was referred
to by Lev Landau as "the most beautiful of the existing physical
theories". Contributions from: Andy C. Fabian, Anthony L. Lasenby,
Astrophysical black Holes Neil Ashby, GNSS and other applications
of General Relativity Gene Byrd, Arthur Chernin, Pekka Teerikorpi,
Mauri Vaaltonen, Observations of general Relativity at strong and
weaks limits Ignazio Ciufolini, General Relativity and dragging of
inertial frames Carlo Rovelli, The strange world of quantum
spacetime
This book guides readers (astronomers, physicists, and
university students) through central questions of Practical
Cosmology, a term used by the late Allan Sandage to denote the
modern scientific endeavor to find the cosmological model best
describing the universe of galaxies, its geometry, size, age, and
matter composition. The authors draw on their personal experience
in astrophysics and cosmology to explain key concepts of cosmology,
both observational and theoretical, and to highlight several items
which give cosmology its special character. These highlighted items
are: Ideosyncratic features of the cosmic laboratory, Malmquist
bias in the determination of cosmic distances, Theory of
gravitation as a cornerstone of cosmological models, Crucial tests
for checking the reality of space expansion, Methods of analyzing
the structures of the universe as mapped by galaxies, Usefulness of
fractals as a model to describe the large-scale structure and new
cosmological physics inherent in the Friedmann world model."
This work provides the current theory and observations behind the
cosmological phenomenon of dark energy. The approach is
comprehensive with rigorous mathematical theory and relevant
astronomical observations discussed in context. The book treats the
background and history starting with the new-found importance of
Einstein's cosmological constant (proposed long ago) in dark energy
formulation, as well as the frontiers of dark energy. The authors
do not presuppose advanced knowledge of astronomy, and basic
mathematical concepts used in modern cosmology are presented in a
simple, but rigorous way. All this makes the book useful for both
astronomers and physicists, and also for university students of
physical sciences.
This book guides readers (astronomers, physicists, and
university students) through central questions of Practical
Cosmology, a term used by the late Allan Sandage to denote the
modern scientific endeavor to find the cosmological model best
describing the universe of galaxies, its geometry, size, age, and
matter composition. The authors draw on their personal experience
in astrophysics and cosmology to explain key concepts of cosmology,
both observational and theoretical, and to highlight several items
which give cosmology its special character. These highlighted items
are: Ideosyncratic features of the "cosmic laboratory," Malmquist
bias in the determination of cosmic distances, Theory of
gravitation as a cornerstone of cosmological models, Crucial tests
for checking the reality of space expansion, Methods of analyzing
the structures of the universe as mapped by galaxies, Usefulness of
fractals as a model to describe the large-scale structure and new
cosmological physics inherent in the Friedmann world model.
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