Indigenous breeds of cattle are well adapted to the tropical environment conditions. These breed population is decreasing very drastically in countries like India. Tharparkar is an Indian dual purpose breed. Semen collection and preservation are very important to conserve and preserve this precious germplasm. Production, quality and biochemical composition of semen is affected by seasons. This book explains about semen production, quality and expression of heat shock protein and genes in semen of Tharparkar bulls. This book will be very useful for cattle breeders, researchers and farmers.

Over the last few years, effect of various additives was studied to improve the quality of semen in cattle. These additives include antioxidants, sugars, cholesterol and proteins, etc. Out of which, few are effective and improved the semen quality even in post thaw stage. These additives improve both in vitro and in vivo fertility in all species of animals. Study of these additives will improve the conception rate and reduces the repeat breeding due to poor quality semen. This book will help to the breeders and farmers to improve the fertility in artificial breeding centres and enhance reproductive performance in cost effective manner.

Buffalo is the most common milch animal reared after cattle in the world. Buffalo has unique ability to utilize coarse feed straw and crop residue and convert them into protein and fat rich lean meat. Today, in buffalo rearing countries, buffalo is recognized as farmers milk machine. The reproductive performance of buffaloes is not good as compared to the cattle. There are many ways to improve the reproductive performance in buffaloes. The one is synchronization protocols to synchronize the buffalo cows to get effective reproductive performance and to enhance the production in terms of milk, meat and draught power. The study was conducted to identify the type of synchronization protocol was suitable for buffalo heifers in tropical countries. This study was based on the different CIDR (CIDR + GnRH, CIDR +E V and CIDR + GnRH+PGF2 ) based synchronization protocols and fixed-time artificial insemination in buffalo heifers. The study will help the buffalo farmers to select a suitable synchronization protocol to enhance the reproductive and productive performance in cost effective manner."

Over the last few years, the good quality poor freezable semen was not utilized effectively due to less knowledge about the freezability of semen. There are many reasons, the sperm becomes poor freezable and one is the lack of sufficient antioxidants in the seminal plasma and semen extender. The antioxidant content is reduced during the cryopreservation process and causes premature cryocapacitation and modification of sperm membrane structure upon thawing. So study of the pre-freezing and post thaw seminal parameters like viability, motility, acrosomal integrity, lipid peroxide assay, vanguard distance traveled by sperm, mitochondrial membrane potential, velocity and motility parameters (CASA) and field fertility trial were helped to assess the effectiveness of the additives. The conception rate was better in reduced glutathione than cysteine hydrochloride treated group. The glutathione has improved the poor freezable and maintained the good freezable semen with regards to the freezability.Thus enhanced the field fertility rate and in turn helped to prevent wastage of good quality germplasm and repeat breeder syndrome in cows.