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The coastal and ocean ecosystem is a significant feature of our
planet and provides a source of food for much of life on Earth.
Millions of species have been, and are still being discovered in
the world's oceans. Among these zooplankton serve as secondary
producers and are significant as they form pelagic food links and
act as indicators of water masses. They constitute the largest and
most reliable source of protein for most of the ocean's fishes. As
such, their absence or depletion often affects fishery. In many
countries, the decline in fishery has been attributed to reduced
plankton populations. Furthermore, trillions of tiny copepods
produce countless faecal pellets contributing greatly to the marine
snow and therefore accelerating the flow of nutrients and minerals
from the surface waters to the seabed. They are phylogenetically
highly successful groups in terms of phylogenetic age, number of
living species and success of adaptive radiation. A study of the
basic and applied aspects of zooplankton would provide an index of
the fishery potential and applications, offering insights into
ocean ecology to safeguard food supplies and livelihoods of the
millions of people living in coastal areas. For this reason, we
need to understand all the facets of zooplankton as well as their
interactions with atmosphere and other life forms, including human.
In this context, this book discusses the basic and applied aspects
of zooplankton, especially taxonomy, mosquitocidal activity,
culture, analysis of nutritional, pigments and enzyme profile,
preservation of copepods eggs, bioenrichment of zooplankton and
application of zooplankton in sustainable aquaculture production,
focusing on novel biofloc-copefloc technologies, and the impact of
acidification and microplastics on zooplankton. Offering a
comprehensive overview of the current issues and developments in
the field of environmental and commercial applications, this book
is a valuable resource for researchers, aquaculturists,
environmental mangers wanting to understand the importance of
zooplankton and develop technologies for the sustainable production
of fish and other commodities to provide food and livelihoods for
mankind.
This book compiles the latest findings in the field of marine and
brackishwater aquaculture. It covers significant topics such as
techniques of culture of live feeds (microalgae, rotifer, Artemia,
marine copepod & polychaetes), while also highlighting vital
themes like the culture and applications of free and marine sponge
associated microbial probiotics, controlled breeding, seed
production and culture of commercially important fin and shell
fishes. Moreover, the book focuses on the breeding and culture of
marine ornamental fishes, sea cucumber and sea urchin and discusses
seaweeds culture, aqua feed formulation and nutrition, water
quality management in hatchery and grow-out culture systems, fish
disease diagnosis and health management and cryopreservation of
fish gametes for sustainable aquaculture practices, all from a
multidimensional perspective. The global fish production was 154
million tonnes in 2011 which more or less consisted of capture and
culture fisheries (FAO, 2012). Roughly 80% of this is from
inland-freshwater aquaculture and the remainder from capture
fisheries in the marine and brackishwater sector. However, marine
and brackishwater catches have recently begun to diminish due to
overexploitation, climate change and pollution. The UNEP report
affirmed that if the world remains on its current course of
overfishing, by 2050, the ocean fish stock could become extinct or
no longer commercially viable to exploit. In these circumstances,
aquaculture is considered to be a promising sector to fulfill our
future protein requirement. However, brackishwater and marine fish
production now face serious challenges due to e.g. lack of quality
fish seeds, feeds, poor water quality management and diseases.
Fisheries and aquaculture sectors play a vital role as potential
sources of nutritional security and food safety around the globe.
Fish food is rich in protein, vitamins, phosphorous, calcium, zinc,
selenium etc. In addition, fish contains omega-3 fatty acids, which
help to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Fish food can also provide
several health benefits to consumers. The omega 3 fatty acids found
in fish can reduce the levels of LDL cholesterol (the "bad"
cholesterol) and increase the HDL levels (the "good" cholesterol).
Research conducted in Australia has proved that fish consumption
can be used to cure hypertension and obesity. It is also reported
that people who ate more fish were less prone to asthma and were
able to breathe more easily. Omega 3 fish oil or fish consumption
can help to prevent three of the most common forms of cancer:
breast cancer, colon and prostate cancer. The omega 3 fatty acids
present in fish or fish oil induce faster hair growth and prevent
hair loss. Since most varieties of fish are rich in protein, eating
fish helps to keep hair healthy. Furthermore, fish or fish oil
helps in improving the condition of dry skin, giving it a healthy
glow. It is useful in treating various skin problems such as
eczema, psoriasis, itching, redness of skin, skin lesions and
rashes. It is well known that eating fish improves vision and
prevents Alzheimer's and type-2 diabetes, and can combat arthritis.
Further, fish oil or fish is good for pregnant women, as the DHA
present in it helps in the development of the baby's eyes and
brain. It helps to avoid premature births, low birth weights and
miscarriages. In addition, it is widely known that fish can be a
good substitute for pulses in cereal-based diets for the poor. The
global fish production was roughly 154 million tonnes in 2011 (FAO,
2012). It is estimated that by 2020 global fish requirements will
be over 200 million tonnes; as such, innovative technological
improvements are called for in order to improve the production and
productivity in fisheries. In this context, this book provides
valuable information for academics, scientists, researchers,
government officials and farmers on innovative technological
advances for sustainable fish production using aquaculture methods.
The book identifies the main issues and trends in marine and
brackishwater aquaculture from a global perspective in general and
in the Indian context in particular. It includes 23 chapters
written by prominent researchers from various institutes and
universities across India, who address the latest aquaculture
technologies with distinctive approaches to support academics,
researchers and graduates in the fields of Fisheries, Aquaculture,
Marine Science, Marine Biology, Marine Biotechnology, Zoology and
Agricultural Sciences. Our thanks go to our contributors; we are
confident that all readers will immensely benefit from their valued
expertise in the field of marine and brackishwater aquaculture.
This book presents the latest developments and recent research
trends in the field of plankton, highlighting the potential
ecological and biotechnological applications. It critically and
comprehensively discusses strain selection, growth characteristics,
large-scale culturing, and biomass harvesting, focusing on the
screening and production of high-value products from algae, and
evaluating carbon dioxide sequestration from fuel gas as a climate
change mitigation strategy. The latter areas of research are
clearly central to the sustainable development approach that is
currently attracting global attention. Over the decades, much of
the literature on has focused on the biological and ecological
aspects of phytoplankton found in freshwater, marine and brackish
water environments. However, these organisms are known to also
inhabit various other environments. More recently, there has been a
substantial shift toward the concept of sustainable development and
the "green economy" with emphasis on exploiting biological systems
for the benefit of mankind. The significance of these plankton
cannot be underestimated as they contribute approximately 40% of
the oxygen in the atmosphere. Therefore, there is potential for
exploitation of this invaluable biomass source that could lead to
significant environmental and economic benefits for man. Providing
a comprehensive outline of the most recent developments and
advances in the field of industrial applications of these plankton,
this book is an excellent reference resource for researchers and
practitioners.
This book presents the latest developments and recent research
trends in the field of plankton, highlighting the potential
ecological and biotechnological applications. It critically and
comprehensively discusses strain selection, growth characteristics,
large-scale culturing, and biomass harvesting, focusing on the
screening and production of high-value products from algae, and
evaluating carbon dioxide sequestration from fuel gas as a climate
change mitigation strategy. The latter areas of research are
clearly central to the sustainable development approach that is
currently attracting global attention. Over the decades, much of
the literature on has focused on the biological and ecological
aspects of phytoplankton found in freshwater, marine and brackish
water environments. However, these organisms are known to also
inhabit various other environments. More recently, there has been a
substantial shift toward the concept of sustainable development and
the "green economy" with emphasis on exploiting biological systems
for the benefit of mankind. The significance of these plankton
cannot be underestimated as they contribute approximately 40% of
the oxygen in the atmosphere. Therefore, there is potential for
exploitation of this invaluable biomass source that could lead to
significant environmental and economic benefits for man. Providing
a comprehensive outline of the most recent developments and
advances in the field of industrial applications of these plankton,
this book is an excellent reference resource for researchers and
practitioners.
The coastal and ocean ecosystem is a significant feature of our
planet and provides a source of food for much of life on Earth.
Millions of species have been, and are still being discovered in
the world's oceans. Among these zooplankton serve as secondary
producers and are significant as they form pelagic food links and
act as indicators of water masses. They constitute the largest and
most reliable source of protein for most of the ocean's fishes. As
such, their absence or depletion often affects fishery. In many
countries, the decline in fishery has been attributed to reduced
plankton populations. Furthermore, trillions of tiny copepods
produce countless faecal pellets contributing greatly to the marine
snow and therefore accelerating the flow of nutrients and minerals
from the surface waters to the seabed. They are phylogenetically
highly successful groups in terms of phylogenetic age, number of
living species and success of adaptive radiation. A study of the
basic and applied aspects of zooplankton would provide an index of
the fishery potential and applications, offering insights into
ocean ecology to safeguard food supplies and livelihoods of the
millions of people living in coastal areas. For this reason, we
need to understand all the facets of zooplankton as well as their
interactions with atmosphere and other life forms, including human.
In this context, this book discusses the basic and applied aspects
of zooplankton, especially taxonomy, mosquitocidal activity,
culture, analysis of nutritional, pigments and enzyme profile,
preservation of copepods eggs, bioenrichment of zooplankton and
application of zooplankton in sustainable aquaculture production,
focusing on novel biofloc-copefloc technologies, and the impact of
acidification and microplastics on zooplankton. Offering a
comprehensive overview of the current issues and developments in
the field of environmental and commercial applications, this book
is a valuable resource for researchers, aquaculturists,
environmental mangers wanting to understand the importance of
zooplankton and develop technologies for the sustainable production
of fish and other commodities to provide food and livelihoods for
mankind.
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