This title was first published in 2000: Issues such as globalization and the fight against joblessness as well as the growth dynamics of economies in general have been linked with science and technology. Accordingly, the growing public interest in the effects of science and technology on society and politics and vice versa have been the foremost reason for the creation of this study. One of the central questions for politicians as well as for scholars in the field of science and technology is, "How can I influence a given science and technology system in a way so as to achieve optimal outcomes for a given national economy?". The study at hand tries to answer this question by analyzing the Hungarian research sphere from industrialization until the late-20th century. Since the beginning of industrialization, Hungary has made a number of attempts to catch up with the economically more developed Western European countries. The problems encountered in the course of the Hungarian efforts are surprisingly similar to the difficulties that modern, fully industrialized economies are facing today.

This title was first published in 2000: Issues such as globalization and the fight against joblessness as well as the growth dynamics of economies in general have been linked with science and technology. Accordingly, the growing public interest in the effects of science and technology on society and politics and vice versa have been the foremost reason for the creation of this study. One of the central questions for politicians as well as for scholars in the field of science and technology is, "How can I influence a given science and technology system in a way so as to achieve optimal outcomes for a given national economy?". The study at hand tries to answer this question by analyzing the Hungarian research sphere from industrialization until the late-20th century. Since the beginning of industrialization, Hungary has made a number of attempts to catch up with the economically more developed Western European countries. The problems encountered in the course of the Hungarian efforts are surprisingly similar to the difficulties that modern, fully industrialized economies are facing today.

Anders als in der offentlichen Wahrnehmung findet Politik zum uberwiegenden Teil fernab von schlagzeilentrachtigen Ereignissen und historischen Initiativen statt. Tatsachlich ist Politik oft ein Prozess langwieriger Verhandlungen zwischen verschiedensten staatlichen und nichtstaatlichen Organisationen, der weniger von PolitikerInnen als vielmehr von BeamtInnen angeleitet wird. Politik hat dabei ebenso viel mit der Durchsetzung von eigenen Interessen zu tun wie mit dem Versuch vor dem Hintergrund gemachter Erfahrungen und getroffener Vereinbarungen Probleme zu losen. Anhand mehrerer Fallbeispiele aus dem Bereich der osterreichischen Forschungs-, Technologie- und Innovationspolitik wird in diesem Buch Lernen in Politik und Verwaltung untersucht. Ein zentrales Ergebnis ist, dass Lernen haufiger stattfindet als selbst von politischen AkteurInnen vermutet. Dabei sind die unterschiedlichen Formen von inhaltlichem und strategischem Lernen oft miteinander verbunden und teilweise auch voneinander abhangig. Abschliessend werden Faktoren beschrieben, die Lernen in Politik und Verwaltung fordern und solche, die es behindern