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​Dieses Open-Access-essential schafft Orientierung, wenn
Künstliche Intelligenz im klinischen Alltag eingesetzt wird. Die
Herausforderungen werden anhand zweier Beispiele aus dem Bereich
der Nephrologie erläutert, die ethisch und rechtlich reflektiert
werden. Ein umfangreicher Empfehlungsteil schließt diesen durchweg
interdisziplinär erarbeiteten Band ab.
Genome Editing Techniques are seen to be at the frontier of current
research in the field of emerging biotechnologies. The latest
revolutionary development, the so-called CRISPR technology,
represents a paradigmatic example of the ambiguity of such
techniques and has resulted in an international interdisciplinary
debate on whether or not it is necessary to ban the application of
this technique by means of a moratorium on its use for human
germline modifications, particularly in human embryos in the
reproduction process. However, given that other germline
engineering techniques like mitochondrial (mt) DNA transfer
techniques are already permitted and applied, the question arises
what lies at the root of the apparent social unease about the
modification of the human germline by Genome Editing Techniques
like CRISPR. Against this background, the book seeks to make a
substantial contribution to the current debate about a responsible
and participatory framework for research on emerging
biotechnologies by analysing underlying perceptions, attitudes,
arguments and the reasoning on Genome Editing Techniques.
The book considers the relationship between governance and
participation, and the ways participation has been understood,
framed and applied in the context of synthetic biology (SB)
governance approaches. Based on fundamental questions about the
scope, purpose, and responsibilities assigned to public
participation activities, the authors conducted an literature
review of policy reports and articles on SB governance. The authors
identify key characteristics of synthetic biology, such as the
complex interplay of research, engineering and IT expertise in the
field, as well as the challenges these characteristics pose in
designing governance frameworks. Drawing on insights from a
literature review, the authors contest calls for "earlier" and
"more" participation on the basis that such calls fail to consider
the necessary structural adjustments and resources needed for such
endeavors. The brief addresses ethical questions arising in
synthetic biology that could be used for developing frameworks of
governance in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis and the consequent
innovations in vaccine research.
Biobanks are promising instruments of biomedical research and of
transnational medicine in particular. Ethical, legal and social
issues associated with biobanking, however, have recently led to a
more critical view on this concept. All efforts addressing these
concerns have been grounded on well-established standards of
biomedical ethics such as informed consent procedures, protection
of individual autonomy, benefit sharing etc. By additionally
highlighting the widely neglected aspect of trust, this book aims
at broadening the horizon of the ELSI-debate and thus filling a gap
in current research on biobanking. The contributions of leading
experts and junior researchers cover a wide field of disciplines
relevant for biobanking including law, ethics, medicine, public
health, social sciences, philosophy and theology.
"Individualized medicine" is a catchphrase currently used to denote
efforts in medical research and practice to establish tailored
healthcare. The vision of "personalized" medicine has proved to be
highly ambivalent, reflecting hype and hope - compared to the great
expectations only very few applications have been realized up to
now. The contributions to this volume discuss the challenges for
patients, doctors, and the healthcare system and examine ethical
and societal issues arising from one the most promising and most
controversial developments in medical science and biotechnology.
(Series: Medizin und Gesellschaft - Vol. 19)
In diesem Open-Access-Buch untersuchen wir, was Datensouveranitat
aus ethischer und rechtlicher Perspektive bedeuten kann und
entwickeln mittels des Modells der dynamischen Einwilligung
konkrete Governance-Ansatze fur den Gesundheitsbereich. Im
Zeitalter der Digitalisierung stellt uns der verantwortungsvolle
Umgang mit Daten vor eine Herausforderung: Moegliche Fortschritte
in Forschung, Versorgung und oeffentlicher Gesundheit rufen Fragen
von Datenschutz und Kontrollanspruchen auf. Ein normatives
Leitkonzept, das in den vergangenen Jahren beim Umgang mit Daten in
den Vordergrund tritt, ist Datensouveranitat.
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