Urban regions have come under increasing pressure to adapt to the imperatives of mobility, including greater freedom of travel, rising trade volumes and global economic networks. Whereas urbanization was once characterized by the concentration of services and facilities, urban areas now have to ensure the exchange of goods, services and information in a much more complex, interrelated, highly competitive, and spatially dispersed environment. As a consequence, cities are challenged to ensure the functionality of infrastructure while mitigating negative environmental and social impacts.
Cities, Regions and Flows brings together debates in a single volume to present a theoretical framework for understanding the changing relationship between places and movement. It analyses the significance of flows of goods for urban and regional development and emphasises the twin processes of integration and disintegration that result from goods movement within urban space. It discusses urban regions as nodes for organizing the exchange of goods, services and information against a background of socio-economic and technological change, as well as new patterns of urbanization. The new logistics concepts and practices that have been developed in response to these changes exert both integrative and disintegrative effects on cities and regions. It also considers how urban policies are dealing with related challenges concerning infrastructure provision, land use, local labour markets and environmental sustainability.
Cities, Regions and Flows contains thoughtfully prepared case studies from five different continents on how cities manage to become part of value chains and how they strive for accessibility in an increasingly competitive environment. This book will be on interest to policy-makers and advanced classes in planning, geography, urban studies and transportation.

In 1945, very early in the history of the development of a rigorous analytical theory of probability, Feller (1945) wrote a paper called "The fundamental limit theorems in probability" in which he set out what he considered to be "the two most important limit theorems in the modern theory of probability: the central limit theorem and the recently discovered ... 'Kolmogoroff's cel ebrated law of the iterated logarithm' ." A little later in the article he added to these, via a charming description, the "little brother (of the central limit theo rem), the weak law of large numbers," and also the strong law of large num bers, which he considers as a close relative of the law of the iterated logarithm. Feller might well have added to these also the beautiful and highly applicable results of renewal theory, which at the time he himself together with eminent colleagues were vigorously producing. Feller's introductory remarks include the visionary: "The history of probability shows that our problems must be treated in their greatest generality: only in this way can we hope to discover the most natural tools and to open channels for new progress. This remark leads naturally to that characteristic of our theory which makes it attractive beyond its importance for various applications: a combination of an amazing generality with algebraic precision."

Contents:
Contents
List of Figures
List of Abbreviations
The Authors
Preface

1. Competition, Cohesion, Governance: The Urban Triangle

London and the New Urban Agenda

Competitiveness, Cohesion and Governance: Issues and Debates
Cities and Competitiveness
Cohesion, Exclusion and Social Capital
Policy Issues and Urban Governance

Conclusion: From Theory to Research

2. Spaces and People: Changing Geographies of the Region

Structures and Processes: London and Its Region since 1950
The London of 1950
An Intermediate Geography: London in 1975
The Changed Geography of London 2000

Mapping London's Geographies
The Changing Geography of Employment
Social Structure
House Prices: An Index of Social Change
Social Patterns across the Region: Households, Ethnicity and Deprivation

The Eight Localities
Reading and Wokingham (East and Central Reading and Earley)
Hounslow (Heston and Great West Road)
Wandsworth (Battersea and Clapham)
Southwark (Bankside, Bermondsey and Peckham)
Newham (Stratford and Upton Park)
Redbridge (Gants Hill and Ilford)
Greenwich (Charlton and Eltham)
Dartford and Gravesham (Kent Thames-side)

Conclusion: Unpicking the London Puzzle

3. Complex Business: Growth and Volatility in London's Economies

Assessing London's Recent Competitive Performance
Employment Change
Productivity
International Markets
Overall Competitive Performance

Instability and Volatility in the Regional Economy

Key Sectors and Clusters
The Economic Base of the Regional Economy
Global City Functions
Capital City Functions
Innovative and Knowledge-based Activities
Cultural Services

The Local Economies
Reading (Centre and East)
Hounslow (Great West Road)
Wandsworth (Battersea and Clapham)
The City of London
Southwark (Bankside and Bermondsey)
Newham (Stratford)
Redbridge (Ilford)
Greenwich (Charlton)
Dartford (Thames-side)

Social Influences on Business Performance
Labour Supply
Entrepreneurship
Local Networks
Crime and Other Threats
Conclusion: Is London Competitive?

4. More Opportunity, More Inequality: Social Structure and Economic
Change in London
Population Change and Its Consequences
The Changing Ethnic Composition
Occupation and Social Class: Is London a 'Global City'?
Earnings and Incomes in London
The Role of the Housing Market
Commuting
Neighbourhood Change and Social Segregation
Conclusion: Social and Neighbourhood Change in London

5. ''Education, Education, Education': The Role of Schooling in London

Skills and Human Capital

Educational Outcomes and School Performance in the London Region
Socio-economic Influences on School Performance
The School Quality Factor

The Competitive London Schools Market
Parents' Educational Strategies
Effects of the Quasi-Market

Further and Higher Education in the Competitive City

Ethnicity, Immigration and Schooling in London

Conclusion: Education, Economy and Society in London


6. Climbing Up, Bumping Down and Flitting Around: London's Dynamic Labour Market

Aggregate Imbalances and Adjustment Processes

Flexibility and Turbulence in the Metropolitan Labour Market

Flexibility and Job Changing in the London Labour Market

Upward Mobility

The Role of Agencies

The Costs and Benefits of Flexibility

Concentrated Unemployment and Its Causes: Discrimination, Recession and Sedimentation

Discrimination

Segregation and Unemployment

Conclusion: London's Distinctive Labour Market

7. Down But Not Out in London: Marginality and Social Exclusion

The Analytical Framework

The Spatial Pattern of Disadvantage

Forms of Poverty and Disadvantage in London
Labour Market Marginality
Poverty
Subjective Poverty and Stress Indicators
Housing
Stress and Isolation
The Persistence of Poverty and Other Measures of Disadvantage

Populations at Risk

The Persistence of Poverty and Other Measures of Disadvantage

Conclusion: Deprivation and Social Exclusion in London

8. How Social is the Capital? Getting By and Getting On in London

Families in London

Friends

Neighbours

Getting Ahead

Trust, Neighbourhood Affiliation and Communities

Social Capital, Civil Society and Governance

Social Capital and the Economy

Social Disorder

Crime

Conclusion: Social Relations in London

9. Things Endure, Things Change: London's Neighbourhoods

Six Kinds of Neighbourhood
The New Melting Pots: Battersea and East Reading
Proletarian Islands Under Pressure: Bermondsey/Peckham
An Area of 'Potential': Upton Park
The Suburb Challenged: Eltham, Heston
The Arcadian Suburb under Shadow: Gants Hill
The Dynamic Edge Suburb: Dartford, Earley

Generalities and Commonalities: Dimensions of Neighbourhood Life

Conclusion: Change and Continuity

10. Steering, Rowing, Drowning or Waving? The Modernization of London's Governance

The Modernization Agenda

The Local Authorities and the Modernization Agenda

The Local Authorities and Service Delivery

The Local Authorities: Their Agenda, Policies and Politics
Newham
Southwark
Wandsworth
Greenwich
Hou nslow
Redbridge
Dart ford
Reading and Wokingham

New Governance Organizations: the Mayor, the GLA and the RDAs

Conclusion: From Government to Governance?

11. The Name of Action: Ideas, Commitment and the Agenda for Cities

Answering the Five Key Questions

Is London Special?

Work in Progress: A New Society, A New Sociology

The Role of Policy: Obstacles and Opportunities

Governance: Structures, Operations, Collaboration

Postscript: The Mayor's London Plan

Bibliography

Index

The Heinemann Plays series offers contemporary drama and classic plays in durable classroom editions. Many have large casts and an equal mix of boy and girl parts. This dramatization of George Orwell's Animal Farm comes with lyrics by Adrian Mitchell and music by Richard Peaslee.

Experience with Contraceptive Side Effects: Selection of a Contraceptive; P. Senanayake. Contraceptives and Women's Complaints; Y. Ahmed, S. Boccard. Variability in Steriod Pharmacokinetics: Population and Delivery Systems; J. Garza-Flores, et al. Pharmacology of Ethynyl Estrogens in Various Countries; J. Goldzeiher. Lessons from Endogenous Metabolism: Diet and Estrogen Metabolism; C. Longcope. Diet Circulating Estrogen Levels, and Estrogen Excretion; B. Goldin. Implications for Policy and Programs: Steroid Contraceptives and Women's Response; J. Kaufman. Bringing Client and Lifecycle Perspective to Scientific Evidence; J. Bruce. Future Research Directions: Regional Population Differences and Population Pharmacokinetics of Steroidal Contraceptives; S. GuoWei. Variability in Steroid Pharmacokinetics; L. Dorflinger. 14 additional articles. Index.

This monograph addresses two quite different topics, in the belief that each can shed light on the other. Firstly, it lays the foundation for a particular view of the bootstrap. Secondly, it gives an account of Edgeworth expansion. Chapter 1 is about the bootstrap, witih almost no mention of Edgeworth expansion; Chapter 2 is about Edgeworth expansion, with scarcely a word about the bootstrap; and Chapters 3 and 4 bring these two themes together, using Edgeworth expansion to explore and develop the properites of the bootstrap. The book is aimed a a graduate level audience who has some exposure to the methods of theoretical statistics. However, technical details are delayed until the last chapter (entitled "Details of Mathematical Rogour"), and so a mathematically able reader without knowledge of the rigorous theory of probability will have no trouble understanding the first four-fifths of the book. The book simultaneously fills two gaps in the literature; it provides a very readable graduate level account of the theory of Edgeworth expansion, and it gives a detailed introduction to the theory of bootstrap methods.

This book has one central theme: how, in the United Kingdom, can we create better cities and towns in which to live and work and play? What can we learn from other countries, especially our near neighbours in Europe? And, in turn, can we provide lessons for other countries facing similar dilemmas? Urban Britain is not functioning as it should. Social inequalities and regional disparities show little sign of going away. Efforts to generate growth, and spread it to the poorer areas of cities, have failed dismally. Much new urban development and redevelopment is not up to standard. Yet there are cities in mainland Europe, which have set new standards of high-quality sustainable urban development. This book looks at these best-practice examples - in Germany, the Netherlands, France and Scandinavia, - and suggests ways in which the UK and other countries could do the same. The book is in three parts. Part 1 analyses the main issues for urban planning and development - in economic development and job generation, sustainable development, housing policy, transport and development mechanisms - and probes how practice in the UK has fallen short. Part Two embarks on a tour of best-practice cities in Europe, starting in Germany with the country's boosting of its cities' economies, moving to the spectacularly successful new housing developments in the Netherlands, from there to France's integrated city transport, then to Scandinavia's pursuit of sustainability for its cities, and finally back to Germany, to Freiburg - the city that 'did it all'. Part Three sums up the lessons of Part Two and sets out the key steps needed to launch a new wave of urban development and regeneration on a radically different basis.

There is considerable current academic interest in the interface between geographical information systems (GIS) and the environment. This new monograph explores the process from start to finish. It begins with information acquisition in the environment and moves on to tool and techniques for manipulating the information, visualisation and navigation methods for exploring it, and computation and modelling techniques for its analysis. It then concludes with a survey of decision support, for its application. Spatial Information and the Environment is the eighth book in the Innovations in GIS series initiated in 1994. The series is in essence derived from a selection of the presentations made at the annual GIS Research UK conference 2000 held in York, and has now changed its focus by concentrating on a single topic, making each text distinctive.

This book provides an introduction to decision analytic cost-effectiveness modelling, giving the theoretical and practical knowledge required to design and implement analyses that meet the methodological standards of health technology assessment organisations. The book guides you through building a decision tree and Markov model and, importantly, shows how the results of cost-effectiveness analyses are interpreted. Given the complex nature of cost-effectiveness modelling and the often unfamiliar language that runs alongside it, we wanted to make this book as accessible as possible whilst still providing a comprehensive, in-depth, practical guide that reflects the state of the art - that includes the most recent developments in cost-effectiveness modelling. Although the nature of cost effectiveness modelling means that some parts are inevitably quite technical, across the 13 chapters we have broken down explanations of theory and methods into bite-sized pieces that you can work through at your own pace; we have provided explanations of terms and methods as we use them. Importantly, the exercises and online workbooks allow you to test your skills and understanding as you go along.

This book, first published in 1985, explores the ways in which the editors and contributors predicted the urban system, shaped by emerging technologies, would look like, both nationally and internationally. The technological changes covered include automation in the secondary sector, the effects of energy price rises and threats of shortage, and substitution effects in the energy and vehicle technology areas. Social and economic factors discussed include unemployment patterns, urban activities and lifestyles and their interactions. This title will be of interest to students of urban studies.

This book is a unique collection: ordinary Londoners, in their own voices, tell about ordinary London lives. Interviews with over a hundred people in eight localities, from inner-city Battersea, to suburban Heston, to Greenhithe on the London fringe, have been edited with a linking commentary by Professor Sir Peter Hall. The first half, "London Voices", introduces the characters - their hopes and aspirations, their frustrations and struggles, their determination and optimism. The second, "London Lives", introduces the themes that dominate their everyday lives: the struggle to keep their heads above water, the search for a place to live, the hassle of the journey to work, their friends and neighbours, their concerns about crime, and the quality of their everyday lives. This is not only an extraordinary social record but also a compelling read for anyone and everyone interested in today's London, or in any other great global city. It will provide a mine of information for future historians on one of the world's greatest cities and will be of special academic or professional interest to sociologists, anthropologists, geographers, planners and social policymakers.

Seaport gateways and the corridors which connect them to widely dispersed hinterlands are of vital and essential importance to international trade and the world economy. Distributing goods to ultimate land destinations or bringing the goods to seaports from inland origins is organizationally complex involving multiple actors. This book furthers understanding about how this movement is organized, the role of ports acting as gateways and the actions of corridor players. A key question that confronts the shipping and port industries, as well as public authorities, is how to increase the benefits of maritime trade to the companies and institutions directly involved as well as the port city-regions where the transfers take place? This question is being posed in the midst of a global economic recession and trade downturn, and in the context of contemporary policy frameworks whose goals are to generate economic benefits and efficiencies rather than to maximize traffic volumes. This book puts into perspective the reality, opportunities and challenges facing seaport gateways and corridors now and in the future.

There is considerable current academic interest in the interface between geographical information systems (GIS) and the environment. This new monograph explores the process from start to finish. It begins with information acquisition in the environment and moves on to tool and techniques for manipulating the information, visualisation and navigation methods for exploring it, and computation and modelling techniques for its analysis. It then concludes with a survey of decision support, for its application.
Spatial Information and the Environment is the eighth book in the Innovations in GIS series initiated in 1994. The series is in essence derived from a selection of the presentations made at the annual GIS Research UK conference 2000 held in York, and has now changed its focus by concentrating on a single topic, making each text distinctive.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203302796

Prepared for the World Commission on Twenty-First Century Urbanization Conference in Berlin in July 2000. This book is an entirely new and comprehensive review of the state of world urban development at the millennium and a forecast of the main issues that will dominate urban debates in the next 25 years. It is the most significant book on cities and city planning problems to appear for many years.

This book examines how teachers, administrators, and educational institutions contribute to racial and ethnic inequality and offers policy and practice suggestions for change. It reviews the literature, the national societal and cultural contexts, definitions of race and ethnicity, family influences, and then explores the topic in relation to teachers, classrooms, school programs, school organization, and district policy making. The book concludes with recommendations on how to integrate current school restructuring with multicultural education.

Since World War II, America's economic landscape has undergone a profound transformation. The effects of this change can be seen in the decline of the traditional industrial heartland and the emergence of new high tech industrial complexes in California, Texas, Boston, and Florida. The Rise ofthe Gunbelt demonstrates that this economic restructuring is a direct result of the rise of the military industrial complex (MIC) and a wholly new industry based on defense spending and Pentagon contacts. Chronicling the dramatic growth of this vast complex, the authors analyze the roles played by the shift from land and sea warfare to aerial combat in World War II, the Cold War, the birth of aerospace and the consequent radical transformation of the airplane industry, and labor and major defense corporations such as Boeing, Lockheed, and McDonnell Douglas. Exploring the reasons for the shifts in defense spending--including the role of lobbyists and the Department of Defense in awarding contracts--and the effects on regional and national economic development, this comprehensive study reveals the complexities of the MIC.