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This textbook presents a concise yet detailed introduction to
quantum physics. Concise, because it condenses the essentials to a
few principles. Detailed, because these few principles -
necessarily rather abstract - are illustrated by several telling
examples. A fairly complete overview of the conventional quantum
mechanics curriculum is the primary focus, but the huge field of
statistical thermodynamics is covered as well. The text explains
why a few key discoveries shattered the prevailing broadly accepted
classical view of physics. First, matter appears to consist of
particles which, when propagating, resemble waves. Consequently,
some observable properties cannot be measured simultaneously with
arbitrary precision. Second, events with single particles are not
determined, but are more or less probable. The essence of this is
that the observable properties of a physical system are to be
represented by non-commuting mathematical objects instead of real
numbers. Chapters on exceptionally simple, but highly instructive
examples illustrate this abstract formulation of quantum physics.
The simplest atoms, ions, and molecules are explained, describing
their interaction with electromagnetic radiation as well as the
scattering of particles. A short introduction to many particle
physics with an outlook on quantum fields follows. There is a
chapter on maximally mixed states of very large systems, that is
statistical thermodynamics. The following chapter on the linear
response to perturbations provides a link to the material equations
of continuum physics. Mathematical details which would hinder the
flow of the main text have been deferred to an appendix. The book
addresses university students of physics and related fields. It
will attract graduate students and professionals in particular who
wish to systematize or refresh their knowledge of quantum physics
when studying specialized texts on solid state and materials
physics, advanced optics, and other modern fields.
This textbook presents a concise yet detailed introduction to
quantum physics. Concise, because it condenses the essentials to a
few principles. Detailed, because these few principles -
necessarily rather abstract - are illustrated by several telling
examples. A fairly complete overview of the conventional quantum
mechanics curriculum is the primary focus, but the huge field of
statistical thermodynamics is covered as well. The text explains
why a few key discoveries shattered the prevailing broadly accepted
classical view of physics. First, matter appears to consist of
particles which, when propagating, resemble waves. Consequently,
some observable properties cannot be measured simultaneously with
arbitrary precision. Second, events with single particles are not
determined, but are more or less probable. The essence of this is
that the observable properties of a physical system are to be
represented by non-commuting mathematical objects instead of real
numbers. Chapters on exceptionally simple, but highly instructive
examples illustrate this abstract formulation of quantum physics.
The simplest atoms, ions, and molecules are explained, describing
their interaction with electromagnetic radiation as well as the
scattering of particles. A short introduction to many particle
physics with an outlook on quantum fields follows. There is a
chapter on maximally mixed states of very large systems, that is
statistical thermodynamics. The following chapter on the linear
response to perturbations provides a link to the material equations
of continuum physics. Mathematical details which would hinder the
flow of the main text have been deferred to an appendix. The book
addresses university students of physics and related fields. It
will attract graduate students and professionals in particular who
wish to systematize or refresh their knowledge of quantum physics
when studying specialized texts on solid state and materials
physics, advanced optics, and other modern fields.
This small book on the properties of continuously distributed
matter covers a huge field. It sets out the governing principles of
continuum physics and illustrates them by carefully chosen
examples. These examples comprise structural mechanics and
elasticity, fluid media, electricity and optics, thermoelectricity,
fluctuation phenomena and more, from Archimedes' principle via
Brownian motion to white dwarfs. Metamaterials, pattern formation
by reaction-diffusion and surface plasmon polaritons are dealt with
as well as classical topics such as Stokes' formula, beam bending
and buckling, crystal optics and electro- and magnetooptic effects,
dielectric waveguides, Ohm's law, surface acoustic waves, to
mention just some. The set of balance equations for content, flow
and production of particles, mass, charge, momentum, energy and
entropy is augmented by material, or constitutive equations. They
describe entire classes of materials, such as viscid fluids and
gases, elastic media, dielectrics or electrical conductors. We
discuss the response of matter to rapidly oscillating external
parameters, in particular the electric field strength of light, in
the framework of statistical thermodynamics.< An appendix on
fields and a glossary round off this bird's-eye view on continuum
physics. Students of physics, engineering and related fields will
benefit from the clear presentation of worked examples and the
variety of solution methods, including numerical techniques.
Lecturers or advanced students may profit from the unified view on
a substantial part of physics. It may help them to embed their
research field conceptually within a wider context.
With the technical advances made in MRI technology and the wider
availability of MRI units, this diagnostic modality has by now -
doubtedly gained a crucial role in joint imaging.The excellent
detail recognition of MRI provides views of the various joint
structures once only available through direct arthroscopic and
surgical pro- dures. The acceptance, usefulness, and role of any
diagnostic modality, however, critically relies on the experience,
clinical expertise, and dedication of those who use it.With this in
mind, a renowned int- disciplinary team of authors have brought
together expert kno- edge from their respective fields in compiling
this MRI atlas. Peter Teller and Hermann Konig are two highly
experienced MRI radiologists with backgrounds in both clinical work
and research. Ulrich Weber and Peter Hertel are two leading
orthopedic surgeons and traumatologists in the fields of joint
surgery/microsurgery and sports injuries. It is the vast radiologic
experience in the interpretation of c- plex image information - an
experience that takes into account the clinical requirements from
the perspective of orthopedic surgeons and traumatologists - as
well as the authors'didactic approach that make for the singular
character of this book. Berlin, November 2001 Bernd Hamm, MD
Professor and Chairman Department of Radiology Charite Medical
School Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Preface MRI of diseases and
injuries of the head, neck, and spinal column has become firmly
established as a diagnostic tool since examiners could easily apply
their previous experience gained in CT to MRI in these areas."
This small book on the properties of continuously distributed
matter covers a huge field. It sets out the governing principles of
continuum physics and illustrates them by carefully chosen
examples. These examples comprise structural mechanics and
elasticity, fluid media, electricity and optics, thermoelectricity,
fluctuation phenomena and more, from Archimedes' principle via
Brownian motion to white dwarfs. Metamaterials, pattern formation
by reaction-diffusion and surface plasmon polaritons are dealt with
as well as classical topics such as Stokes' formula, beam bending
and buckling, crystal optics and electro- and magnetooptic effects,
dielectric waveguides, Ohm's law, surface acoustic waves, to
mention just some. The set of balance equations for content, flow
and production of particles, mass, charge, momentum, energy and
entropy is augmented by material, or constitutive equations. They
describe entire classes of materials, such as viscid fluids and
gases, elastic media, dielectrics or electrical conductors. We
discuss the response of matter to rapidly oscillating external
parameters, in particular the electric field strength of light, in
the framework of statistical thermodynamics.< An appendix on
fields and a glossary round off this bird's-eye view on continuum
physics. Students of physics, engineering and related fields will
benefit from the clear presentation of worked examples and the
variety of solution methods, including numerical techniques.
Lecturers or advanced students may profit from the unified view on
a substantial part of physics. It may help them to embed their
research field conceptually within a wider context.
Der interdisziplinare Atlas beschreibt die wesentlichen
Erkrankungen und Verletzungen des Kniegelenkes - mit einer
umfassenden Bildauswahl jedes einzelnen Gelenkabschnitts - von
Normalbefund bis Erkrankungsvollbild. - mit ausfuhrlichen Hinweisen
auf diagnostische Fallstricke, Stadieneinteilungen bzw.
therapeutische Konsequenzen. Effizient lernen, rasch nachschlagen:
- Differenzierung der Bildinformation - Sichere Abklarung
strittiger Befunde
Das Arbeitsbuch zu den Lehrbuchern "Theoretische Physik" und
"Mathematikbuch fur Physik" enthalt 256 Aufgaben mit ausfuhrlichen
Loesungen. Diese erste Aufgabensammlung speziell fur Studierende
der Physik kann unabhangig vom Lehrbuch genutzt werden. Die
Aufgaben wurden mit Blick auf die wirklich notwendigen Kenntnisse
ausgewahlt, die Loesungen werden schrittweise ausgefuhrt und
ermoeglichen die direkte Umsetzung. Der Band ist fur Haupt- und
Nebenfachstudierende der Physik geeignet, die ihre
Mathematik-Kenntnisse vertiefen wollen.
Der Autor gliedert diese Abhandlung uber die Theoretische Physik in
eine abgerundete Einfuhrung und eine Sammlung vertiefender
Abschnitte. Beide Teile sind - der Tradition folgend - in Mechanik,
Elektrodynamik, Quantenmechanik und Thermodynamik unterteilt. Die
Physik als ein standig wachsendes Wissensgebiet mit langer
Tradition kann heutzutage nicht mehr umfassend dargestellt und
studiert werden. Daher kommt es darauf an, wenigstens die gangigen
Methoden zu prasentieren. Zugleich versucht der Autor, diejenigen
Themen aufzunehmen, die nach allgemeinem Verstandnis zur
physikalischen Allgemeinbildung gehoeren.
Die minimal-invasive Chirurgie, die fur viele medizinische Gebiete
eine neue Methode darstellt, wird als Arthroskopie im Bereich der
Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie und Orthopadie schon seit
vielen lahren praktiziert. Nach iiber20 lahren sind arthrosko
pische Eingriffe tagliche Routine. Dennoch weist diese Methode auch
heute noch viele Innovationen auf. Zur Standortbestimmung, zum
Erfahrungsaustausch und zur Darstel lung neuer Entwicklungen und
Methoden veranstalteten das BG-Unfallkrankenhaus Hamburg und die
Unfallchirurgische Abteilung des Martin-Luther-Krankenhauses Ber
lin im Dezember 1992 ein intemationales Arthroskopie-Symposium in
Hamburg. Schwerpunkte dieser Veranstaltung waren Meniskus-und
Kreuzbandchirurgie, sub akromiale Eingriffe und
Schultergelenkinstabilitaten, Vergleich bildgebender Verfahren mit
der Arthroskopie und Komplikationen. Live-Obertragungen von
Operationen in das Auditorium und der ausgiebige Gedankenaustausch
bei den Diskussionen boten auch dem Erfahrenen viele neue Aspekte
und Anregungen fur die Higliche Praxis. Fiir die erfolgreiche
DurchfUhrung des Symposiums und die Erstellung der Manu skripte fUr
diesen Obersichtsband m6chten wir uns bei allen Referenten
bedanken. Dem Springer-Verlag gebiihrt unser Dank fUr die
redaktionelle Bearbeitung und sorgfaltige Drucklegung."
Material und Methoden ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13 . . . . . . . StabilWitsverlust nach chirurgisch definierten
Bandverletzungen .............................. 13 1.1
Valgusinstabilitat - relative mediale Aufklappbarkeit 0 in
Dberstreckung und 20 Beugung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . .
. 1.1.1 Versuchsanordnung I ............................ 13 1.1.2
Versuchsanordnung II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . .
. . . . . . 1.2 Varusinstabilitat - relative laterale
Aufk1appbarkeit 0 in Dberstreckung und 20 Beugung .... . . . . . .
. . . . .. . . 15 . 1.2.1 VersuchsanordnungI
............................ 15 1.2.2 Versuchsanordnung II . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 15 . . . . . 1.3
Schubladeninstabilitat am rechtwinklig gebeugten Kniegelenk
................................... 16 1.3.1
Schubladenbeweglichkeit am intakten Kniegelenk ......... 16 1.3.2
Schubladeninstabilitat nach isolierter Durchtrennung des vorderen
Kreuzbandes ......................... 18 1.3.3
Schubladeninstabilitat nach isolierter Durchtrennung des hinteren
Kreuzbandes ......................... 18 1.3.4 Ventralverschiebung
des medialen Tibiacondylus bei zunehmender ante rome dialer
Bandverletzung und vorderer Schubladenbelastung in AuBenrotation
.......... 19 1.3.5 Ventralverschiebung der Eminentia
intercondylica bei zunehmender anteromedialer Bandverletzung und
vorderer Schubladenbelastung in Neutral-Rotation .. . . . . .. . 21
1.3.6 Ventralverschiebung der Eminentia intercondylica bei
zunehmender anterolateraler Bandverletzung und vorderer
Schubladenbelastung in Neutral-Rotation .. . . . . .. . 21 1.4
Rotations-und Komplexinstabilitat . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 22
. . . 1.4.1 Anderung der passiven Rotationsbeweglichkeit des
rechtwinklig gebeugten Kniegelenkes bei zunehmender Bandverletzung
................................ 22 1.4.2 Verschiebung des axialen
Drehpunktes ("pivot point") des rechtwinklig gebeugten Kniegelenkes
bei zuneh mender anteromedialer, anterolateraler, poste- lateraler
und posteromedialer Bandverletzung ............ 22 1.4.3
Verschiebung des axialen Drehpunktes des rechtwinklig gebeugten
Kniegelenkes bei primarer Durchtrennung zentraler Bandstrukturen .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 23 . . . . . VI 2
Spannungsanderung der Kniegelenksbander im Verlauf
verschiedenartiger passiver Bewegungen ................ 23 2.1
Spannungsanderung des anteromedialen Anteiles des vorderen
Kreuzbandes - Versuchsanordnung I ........... 24 2.1.1
Praparation................................... 24 2.1.2 Montage . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 24 . . . . . .
. ."
Dieses Mathematikbuch will Studierende der Physik und verwandter
Disziplinen durch das Studium begleiten. Es ist vom Lehrbuch uber
Theoretische Physik des Verfassers inspiriert. Alles, was an
Mathematik im Physikbuch vorkommt und dort entweder vorausgesetzt
oder lediglich erwahnt wird, soll hier ausgebreitet werden. Und
umgekehrt, das Mathematikbuch enthalt nur die Gegenstande, die im
Physikbuch auch wirklich angesprochen werden, direkt oder indirekt.
Nicht weniger, aber auch nicht mehr.
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