For equity, societies may wish to eliminate certain forms or manifestations of inequality. Horizontal equity and vertical equity in the income tax are topics which have interested me for some years. Although any shortfall from each of these objectives can be measured in terms of unwanted inequalities, equity per se is a different concept from equality. Equity relates to fairness, justice and other societal norms which give expression to the best aspirations of our collective social conscience. For example, equal access to health care for those in equal need is an accepted norm for horizontal equity in the health field. Vertical equity in this context means treating appropriately differently those who have different needs.
The papers which are ultimately included in this volume are the ones, from among those offered, which survived a rigorous refereeing process. Each has its own take on the concept of equity, and its link with equality.
Research on Economic Inequality e is now available online at ScienceDirect full-text online of volumes 9 onwards.
*Part of the Research on Economic Inequality series
*Provides an international forum for all researchers interested in the study of economic inequality and related fields
*Brings together a diversity of perspectives
*This volume focuses on Equity

This thesis discusses the role of airpower in the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I. Britain conducted military operations against Ottoman forces in Mesopotamia to defend Britain's oil interests and lines of communication, but also to open an additional front against the Turks. The battles conducted from the commencement of hostilities in November 1914 until the Turkish surrender in October 1918 were carried out with the use of a new technology on the battlefield--the aeroplane. This thesis explores the roles of airpower in the Mesopotamian Campaign, and what affect airpower had on military operations. The thesis also looks at the missions of the Royal Flying Corps in Mesopotamia, how they evolved during the course of the conflict, and what impact they had on post-war Royal Air Force development. The study concludes by determining airpower in the Mesopotamian Campaign influenced the policy of air control in the post-war British Empire, and positively influenced the perception of ground commanders to the value of airpower to ground maneuver.

NATO has demonstrated a commitment and capacity to conduct out-of-area operations in areas that would not have been countenanced a decade ago. Moreover, for the first time, in June 2006, NATO exercised its NATO Response Force (NRF) in Africa, validating NATO's new expeditionary capabilities. The strategic importance of the continent of Africa has already grasped the attention of the West, and the range of strategic issues is vast. With recent announcements in the U.S. Department of Defense about the creation of a Unified Command for Africa, what role would or should NATO have on the continent? Some questions that need to be answered before engaging in the continent are: What lessons has NATO learned from current out-of-area operations that might be applied for Africa? Is NATO equipped, trained, and manned sufficiently to assume any type of role in Africa above and beyond its current obligations? What are the competing interests that would allow or hinder NATO forces in Africa? Is NATO better off training and equipping regional and sub-regional organizations to provide forces throughout the continent? This paper will discuss these issues and provide some potential options for NATO planners who might be called upon to prepare NATO forces for the gamut of operations on the continent of Africa.