This fourth Variorum collection of articles by Peter Linehan comprises items largely from the past decade. The studies represent further investigation of themes broached in earlier works, in particular the latest report on the movements of Cardinal John of Abbeville, and the related subjects of historiography and historians, the interplay of history and government, and aspects of sacral monarchy. Articles on Zamora's frustrated legal history and Zamora's cardinal extend the Castilian theme across the territorial frontier into the kingdom of Portugal, and two other items explore English ramifications and developments in papal procedures.

This fourth Variorum collection of articles by Peter Linehan comprises items largely from the past decade. The studies represent further investigation of themes broached in earlier works, in particular the latest report on the movements of Cardinal John of Abbeville, and the related subjects of historiography and historians, the interplay of history and government, and aspects of sacral monarchy. Articles on Zamora's frustrated legal history and Zamora's cardinal extend the Castilian theme across the territorial frontier into the kingdom of Portugal, and two other items explore English ramifications and developments in papal procedures.

The studies included in this selection - the opening two being published for the first time - are concerned with various aspects of the history of Christian Spain between the 6th century and the 14th. A recurrent theme is that of the invention of the past: of the manner in which, for reasons which have seemed good to them, at different times and places, from Toledo in the 1240s to Cambridge in the 1920s, men have sought to appropriate and recolonise that past. Three more technical articles on the subject of 13th-century papal diplomatic in a Spanish setting illustrate the related activity of the invention of the future as reflected in the activity of the agents or proctors and others whose services were retained in order to ensure that it was their employer's particular view of the present that prevailed. Les etudes comprises dans cette selection, dont deux paraissent ici pour la premiere fois, traitent des differents aspects de l'histoire de l'Espagne chretienne entre le 6e et le 14e siecle. Un theme frequent est celui de l'invention du passe: la faAon dont A differentes epoques et A differents endroits, de Tolede en 1240 A Cambridge en 1920, et pour des raisons qui lui semblent Atre les bonnes, l'Atre humain s'est efforce de s'approprier et de reconquerir le passe. Trois articles d'ordre plus techniques sur la diplomatique papale au 13e siecle dans un cadre espagnol, illustrent l'activite attenante qu'etait l'invention de l'avenir, telle qu'elle se traduisait au travers de l'action d'agents, de fondes de pouvoir et autres, dont les services etaient requis afin que la vision du present de leurs employeurs prevale.

Against the background of the struggle between Christianity and Islam for the control of the Spanish Peninsula, this book examines the internal condition of the Spanish Church in the thirteenth century, its relations with the Christian kings and with a succession of great popes. Concentrating upon Aragon and Castile, the author examines the reaction and resistance of the Church to the reforming decrees of the 1215 Fourth Lateran Council, and illustrates the attempts made by the papacy to wrest control of the Church from the crown. By using hitherto untouched Spanish sources as well as material from the Vatican, Dr Linehan is able to throw new light on economic and social problems, and to challenge effectively the conception that the Spanish Church was wealthy and influential. As well as being important for scholars of medieval Spain, this book provides essential comparative material for all historians of the medieval Church.

Ranging from Connacht to Constantinople and from Tynemouth to Timbuktu, the forty-four contributors to The Medieval World seek to bring the Middle Ages to life, offering definitive appraisals of the distinctive features of the period. This second edition includes six additional chapters, covering the Byzantine empire, illuminated manuscripts, the 'esprit laique' of the late middle ages, saints and martyrs, the papal chancery and scholastic thought. Chapters are arranged thematically within four parts: 1. Identities, Selves and Others 2. Beliefs, Social Values and Symbolic Order 3. Power and Power Structures 4. Elites, Organisations and Groups The Medieval World presents the reader with an authoritative account of original scholarship across the medieval millennium and provides essential reading for all students of the subject.

Ranging from Connacht to Constantinople and from Tynemouth to Timbuktu, the forty-four contributors to The Medieval World seek to bring the Middle Ages to life, offering definitive appraisals of the distinctive features of the period. This second edition includes six additional chapters, covering the Byzantine empire, illuminated manuscripts, the 'esprit laique' of the late middle ages, saints and martyrs, the papal chancery and scholastic thought. Chapters are arranged thematically within four parts: 1. Identities, Selves and Others 2. Beliefs, Social Values and Symbolic Order 3. Power and Power Structures 4. Elites, Organisations and Groups The Medieval World presents the reader with an authoritative account of original scholarship across the medieval millennium and provides essential reading for all students of the subject.

This third volume of essays by Peter Linehan deals with matters of perennial interest to all historians of medieval Church and State, and in particular to students of the history of medieval Spain and Portugal and of the papacy in the 12th and 13th centuries. Amongst those discussed and explored are the question of feudalism in the 11th and 12th century, the rise and fall of a royal capital, the city of LeA(3)n, the ritual of king-making, focusing on Castile and Portugal, the interplay of royal influence and papal authority, and the impact of the mendicant orders. A previously unpublished study provides a cautionary tale of a particular bishop in politics. Four essays are devoted to the investigation of individuals and issues central to the history of late 13th-century papal Rome, while two look at medieval and modern historiography.

At the Edge of Reformation springs from Peter Linehan's continuing interest in the history of Spain and Portugal, on this occasion in the first half of the fourteenth century between the recovery of each kingdom from widespread anarchy and civil war and the onset of the Black Death. Focussing on ecclesiastical aspects of the period in that region (Galicia in particular) and secular attitudes to the privatisation of the church, it raises inter alios the question why developments there did not lead to a permanent sundering of the relationship with Rome (or Avignon) two centuries ahead of that outcome elsewhere in the West. In addressing such issues, as well as of neglected archival material in Spanish and Portuguese archives, Linehan makes use of the also unpublished so-called 'secret' registers of the popes of the period. The issues this volume raises ought to be of interest not only to students of Spanish and Portuguese society but also to those interested in the developing relationship further afield of the components of the eternal quadrilateral (pope, king, episcopate, and secular nobility) in late medieval Europe as well as of the activity in that period of the secular-minded sapientes. In this context, attention is given to the hitherto neglected attempt of Afonso IV of Portugal to appropriate the privileges of the primatial church of his kingdom and to the glorification of his Castilian son-in-law as God's vice-gerent in his.

This book presents a study of medieval Spain and its historians, from the chroniclers of the Middle Ages to the revisionists of the post-Franco era. The history of medieval Spain has long been perceived as a tale of original sin followed by a long-drawn-out process of atonement. This book traces the development of that perception. It reveals history in the making during the 800 years between the Roman period and what is now described as the birth of the modern state. In the differing aspirations of the inventors of the past both then and now - from the restoration of Toledo's Visegothic hegemony in the 1240s to the feudalization of medieval Castile and the sacralization of its kings since the death of Franco - an underlying sense of purpose emerges. In their contest for control of the present through mastery of the past, and the expression of their local loyalties, the historians of the seventh to the 14th centuries and the authors of the False Chronilcles in the early 1600s have their counterparts in the contemporary Spain of the "autonomias". This book should be of interest to scholars and students of medieval European history, historians of Spain, historiographers and specialist

The Ladies of Zamora tells the remarkable story of a scandal that occurred in a Spanish convent during the thirteenth century. Peter Linehan, the foremost expert on medieval Spain, expertly sets forth the details of the affair and shows how the effects were felt not just in Spain but throughout Europe, even as far as the papal curia.

Established in 1264 by two wealthy sisters, the convent of Las Duenas soon became the focus of a bitter jurisdictional struggle between the bishop of Zamora and the local Dominican friars to whose order a faction of the sisters hoped to have their convent incorporated. In 1279, the bishop visited the convent and interrogated thirty of the sisters. The records of this inquiry, hitherto unpublished, provide the documentary basis for this book, and they reveal startling discrepancies between the stern precepts of their rule and the relaxed realities of life behind the convent grille. They speak of sisters in "love nests" with friars at the convent gate, giving their prioress the evil eye, and threatening their bishop with sticks.

At one level, the book can be read as an entertaining story--a saga of copulation, cross-dressing, and general mayhem. But Linehan uses the story to bring into sharp focus a number of usually unrelated aspects of the age: tensions between the mendicant orders and the local ecclesiastical authorities, thirteenth-century religiosity (female religiosity in particular), and collusion in high places, both in Castile and in Rome. One of the friars involved in the scandal eventually became Master-General of the Dominican Order until he was dismissed by Pope Nicholas IV in 1291. Finally, in 1300 Boniface VIII enacted a series of measures designed to bring under stricter control "those damned friars" (as he called them) and convents such as that of Las Duenas.

The Ladies of Zamora provides novel insight into the century that began with Pope Innocent III's approval of the foundation of Saint Dominic's Order of Preachers and ended with a Dominican Order that had lost its innocence and fatally compromised the ideals that had already so profoundly affected Western society. We also see the social realities of a frontier society where the rule of law--canon law in particular--remained subject to the whim of willful men--not to mention women, of course.