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We are at the midpoint in the "Decade of the Brain." Why do we know
so much and yet understand so little about the brain? The field of
neuroscience has exploded, and anyone who attends one of the large
meetings has the impression of drinking from a fire hydran- as so
aptly put by the late neuroanatomist Walle J. H. Nauta. Part of
that feeling is a general-information problem, experienced in other
fields of scienc as well. In brain research, however, the problem
is accentuated by the rapid advances of molecular and cellular
brain research. The dynamics created by these lines of research
have multiplied published output, but have inevitably entailed a
compartmentalization of scientific interests and research
strategies. If the cost of gaining knowledge is a shrinking horizon
of the individual scientist, neuroscience must develop strategies
for organizing the acquisition of knowledge. Some of this guidance
is given by the society -by medical and, perhaps, commercial needs.
But who provides the backbone for establishing a generally accepted
"schema" for basic brain research -a frame of reference onto which
the millions of information fragments can be fitted, in a way
acceptable to a multicultural and polymethodical neuroscience
community? We believe that developmental and evolutionary biology
has the potential to provide a commonly accepted frame of reference
for that multilevel system approach needed to understand the
workings of the brain.
We are at the midpoint in the "Decade of the Brain". Why do we know
so much and yet understand so little about the brain? The field of
neuroscience has exploded, and anyone who attends one of the large
meetings has the impression of drinking from a fire hydran- as so
aptly put by the late neuroanatomist Walle J. H. Nauta. Part of
that feeling is a general-information problem, experienced in other
fields of scienc as well. In brain research, however, the problem
is accentuated by the rapid advances of molecular and cellular
brain research. The dynamics created by these lines of research
have multiplied published output, but have inevitably entailed a
compartmentalization of scientific interests and research
strategies. If the cost of gaining knowledge is a shrinking horizon
of the individual scientist, neuroscience must develop strategies
for organizing the acquisition of knowledge. Some of this guidance
is given by the society -by medical and, perhaps, commercial needs.
But who provides the backbone for establishing a generally accepted
"schema" for basic brain research -a frame of reference onto which
the millions of information fragments can be fitted, in a way
acceptable to a multicultural and polymethodical neuroscience
community? We believe that developmental and evolutionary biology
has the potential to provide a commonly accepted frame of reference
for that multilevel system approach needed to understand the
workings of the brain.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference
proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Trusted Systems,
INTRUST 2013, held in Graz, Austria, in December 2013. The revised
full papers focus on the theory, technologies and applications of
trusted systems. They cover all aspects of trusted computing
systems, including trusted modules, platforms, networks, services
and applications, from their fundamental features and
functionalities to design principles, architecture and
implementation technologies.
Es gibt Dinge, die muss man nicht lernen, die kann man eben: Sehen,
hoeren, sprechen, einen Fragebogen formulieren . . . Weil wir beim
mundlichen Befragen glauben der Wahrheit fruher oder spater auf den
Grund zu kommen, meinen viele, das musste auch fur Fragebogen g-
ten. Das stimmt aber nicht. Denn anders als bei einer
unstrukturierten - fragung etwa eines Zeugen vor Gericht oder eines
Pruflings in der Prufung erlauben Fragebogen in der Regel kein
Nachhaken bei Unklarheiten, keine Klarstellungen missverstandlicher
Formulierungen, keine Ruckfragen bei off- sichtlichen Versprechern;
anders als offene mundliche Befragungen erfordern sie viel
Nachdenken, bevor man mit der Fragerei beginnt. Die Reihenfolge der
Fragen, die Wahl der Worte, selbst die Farbe des Fragebogens haben
Einfluss auf die Antwort, und die Frage: Sind Sie - glucklich -
unglucklich - weder/noch wird einen anderen Prozentsatz glucklicher
Menschen liefern als die Frage: Sind Sie - glucklich - zufrieden -
eher zufrieden - eher unzufrieden - unzufrieden - unglucklich. Als
amerikanische Meinungsforscher einmal fragten: "Stimmen Sie der
Beha- tung zu: Fur die zunehmende Kriminalitat in unserem Land sind
in erster Linie die Menschen mit ihrem individuellen Fehlverhalten
und nicht die gesellscha- lichen Verhaltnisse verantwortlich?"
sagten zwei Drittel der Befragten "ja". Als sie statt dessen
fragten: "Stimmen Sie der Behauptung zu: Fur die zunehmende
Kriminalitat in unserem Land sind in erster Linie die
gesellschaftlichen Verha- nisse und nicht die Menschen mit ihrem
individuellen Fehlverhalten vera- wortlich?" sagten wieder zwei
Drittel der Befragten "ja".
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