As the 21st century nears, networked computing is becoming the essence of computing itself. Alternative phrases abound--collaborative work, computer supported cooperative work, simultaneous/concurrent engineering, multimedia real-time interactive work--but the neatest, shortest, and simplest catch-all term was coined in 1978: groupware. The two visionaries who coined the term, Peter and Trudy Johnson-Lenz, are among the 42 expert contributors to Groupware in the 21st Century. Other contributors to the volume include Microsoft's Bill Gates, professors Jay Nunamaker and Tom Malone, and management author Robert Heller. As with most technological sea-changes, the groupware revolution is having its impact first on business, where enhanced interaction between an organization's members, strategic allies, suppliers, and customers can help ensure that it remains dynamic and competitive. Anyone who wants to know about the future of information technology and group processes will want to read this book which brings perspective and clarity to these new technologies.

Over the next 40 years the number of people aged 60 and over in the world is set to grow by one and a quarter billion. More than 80 per cent of these people will be living in developing regions, such as Asia, Africa and Latin America. What are the implications of this for the world and what will old age be like for these people? This original book provides a sophisticated analysis of links between development, population ageing and the experiences of older people. Drawing on a broad array of evidence, it challenges a number of widely held misconceptions and generalisations. The book highlights the diversity and complexity of international experiences and argues that the effects of population ageing on development are strongly influenced by policy choices. It argues that pension programmes in developing countries often promote inequality and clientelism, that health policies over-look basic provision and lifelong promotion, and that care needs continue to be neglected. It includes country case study chapters which analyse the experiences of India, South Africa and Argentina. The book will be of interest to people working in a wide range of academic disciplines, including economics, gerontology, social policy and development studies. It will also provide a key reference point for policy makers and practitioners concerned with developing countries.

Most Latin American countries are now attempting the radical reform of their healthcare financing and delivery systems. In many cases, these reforms complement and contribute to broader neo-liberal orthodoxies of economic and social reform. Key strategies include decentralising hospital administration and the promotion of private health insurance. However, experiences across the region are quite diverse, and countries such as Cuba persist with a system of healthcare based on very different principles. This book identifies key problems facing healthcare systems in the region and evaluates the reforms that have been implemented to date. It pays particular attention to problems of implementation and the impact that changes to health policy are having on poor and vulnerable groups.

For all the West's failings - terrible food, cold weather, and questionable politicians with funny hair to name a few - it has its upsides. Konstantin would know. Growing up in the Soviet Union, he experienced first-hand the horrors of a socialist paradise gone wrong, having lived in extreme poverty with little access to even the most basic of necessities. It wasn't until he moved to the UK that Kisin found himself thriving in an open and tolerant society, receiving countless opportunities he would never have had otherwise. Funny, provocative and unswervingly perceptive, An Immigrant's Love letter to the West interrogates the developing sense of self-loathing the Western sphere has adopted and offers an alternative perspective. Exploring race politics, free speech, immigration and more, Kisin argues that wrongdoing and guilt need not pervade how we feel about the West - and Britain - today, and that despite all its ups and downs, it remains one of the best places to live in the world. After all, if an immigrant can't publicly profess their appreciation for this country, who can?

This set collects together inaccessible journal articles and extracts from books to guide the reader to the most important and relevant issues in educational and child development today. Some of the most exciting ideas to influence developmental psychology this century are those of Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky. All developmental psychology courses now include the work of Vygotsky as his ideas challenge existing theorists like Piaget.
Lev Vygotsky: Critical Assessments reveals Vygotsky's ideas about the way children learn and the role of thought and language, and demonstrates the educational implications of his work. Vygotsky's ideas offered an entirely separate and new approach to child development and children's education.
Volume One: Vygotsky's Theory
Volume Two: Thought and Language
Volume Three: The Zone of Proximal Development
Volume Four: Future Directions

Intranets and Extranets are the fastest growing use of internet technology and are being adopted by a large number of organizations. Web-Weaving' is a book for managers which illustrates the benefits and pitfalls of using technology to enhance internal and external connections. The book brings together a number of the hottest subjects in IT and Organizational Development using contributions from innovative thinkers and practitioners in both areas. The first section defines what web-weaving actual is, describing the huge range of communication technology available to organizations at the moment. The second section reviews web-weaving in practice using case studies of companies using intranet and extranet technology. The third section brings together commentaries from leading players in both the IT and Human Resources fields to predict the future of web-weaving and the huge impact it will have on the way organizations and the people within them will work together in the future.

The twenty-one contributions to About: Designing draw on a rich variety of methodological positions, research backgrounds and design disciplines including architecture, product design, engineering, applied linguistics, communication studies, cognitive psychology, and discourse studies. Collectively these studies comprise a state-of-the-art overview of design thinking research. About: Designing will be of interest to design researchers at any level, as well as specialists in a broad range of design disciplines and social studies.

Originally published in 1990, this book reveals the extent to which petty landlordism is developing not just in the African urban settlements that have sprung up but in government-sponsored low-cost housing estates. The first part of the book traces African governments' changing responses to urban growth since the 1960s. The second presents case studies of housing markets and landlord-tenant relations north and south of the Sahara. The third examines World Bank involvement, and the book ends by considering policy implications.

Intranets and Extranets are the fastest growing use of internet technology and are being adopted by a large number of organizations. `Web-Weaving' is a book for managers which illustrates the benefits and pitfalls of using technology to enhance internal and external connections. The book brings together a number of the hottest subjects in IT and Organizational Development using contributions from innovative thinkers and practitioners in both areas. The first section defines what web-weaving actual is, describing the huge range of communication technology available to organizations at the moment. The second section reviews web-weaving in practice using case studies of companies using intranet and extranet technology. The third section brings together commentaries from leading players in both the IT and Human Resources fields to predict the future of web-weaving and the huge impact it will have on the way organizations and the people within them will work together in the future.

The twenty-one contributions to About: Designing draw on a rich variety of methodological positions, research backgrounds and design disciplines including architecture, product design, engineering, applied linguistics, communication studies, cognitive psychology, and discourse studies. Collectively these studies comprise a state-of-the-art overview of design thinking research. About: Designing will be of interest to design researchers at any level, as well as specialists in a broad range of design disciplines and social studies.

This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications SEMICONDUCTORS, PART II is based on the proceedings of the IMA summer program "Semiconductors." Our goal was to foster interaction in this interdisciplinary field which involves electrical engineers, computer scientists, semiconductor physicists and mathematicians, from both university and industry. In particular, the program was meant to encourage the participation of numerical and mathematical analysts with backgrounds in ordinary and partial differential equations, to help get them involved in the mathematical as pects of semiconductor models and circuits. We are grateful to W.M. Coughran, Jr., Julian Cole, Peter Lloyd, and Jacob White for helping Farouk Odeh organize this activity and trust that the proceedings will provide a fitting memorial to Farouk. We also take this opportunity to thank those agencies whose financial support made the program possible: the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Army Research Office, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. A vner Friedman Willard Miller, J r. Preface to Part II Semiconductor and integrated-circuit modeling are an important part of the high technology "chip" industry, whose high-performance, low-cost microprocessors and high-density memory designs form the basis for supercomputers, engineering work stations, laptop computers, and other modern information appliances. There are a variety of differential equation problems that must be solved to facilitate such mod eling.

Semiconductor and integrated-circuit modeling are an important part of the high-technology "chip" industry, whose high-performance, low-cost microprocessors and high-density memory designs form the basis for supercomputers, engineering workstations, laptop computers, and other modern information appliances. There are a variety of differential equation problems that must be solved to facilitate such modeling. This two-volume set covers three topic areas: process modeling and circuit simulation in Volume I and device modeling in Volume II. Process modeling provides the geometry and impurity doping characteristics that are prerequisites for device modeling; device modeling, in turn, provides static current and transient charge characteristics needed to specify the so-called compact models employed by circuit simulators. The goal of these books is to bring together scientists and mathematicians to discuss open problems, algorithms to solve such, and to form bridges between the diverse disciplines involved.

Lotus Notes is one of the most successful and versatile groupware products on the market today and is used widely in both large and small organisations. Transforming Organisations Through Groupware - Lotus Notes in Action contains a selection of carefully chosen case studies which illustrate the implementational, organisational and commercial consequences of using Lotus Notes. These case studies have been chosen for their international appeal and, unlike other books on Lotus Notes, concentrate on the added value that can be gained by using Notes - rather than on the technical aspects of how to make the software work.

Originally published in 1990, this book reveals the extent to which petty landlordism is developing not just in the African urban settlements that have sprung up but in government-sponsored low-cost housing estates. The first part of the book traces African governments' changing responses to urban growth since the 1960s. The second presents case studies of housing markets and landlord-tenant relations north and south of the Sahara. The third examines World Bank involvement, and the book ends by considering policy implications.

Globally, over the next 40 years, the number of people, aged 60 and over is set to grow by one and a quarter billion. More than 80 per cent of these people will be living in developing regions, such as Asia, Africa, and Latin America. What are the implications of this for the world? What will old age be like for these people? This book offers a general, critical review of the current state of knowledge on population ageing and older people in developing countries. It combines a wide range of perspectives - from development studies, social gerontology, social policy, and demography - into a single, original, and coherent book. It examines the neglected topic of ageing and international development alongside the experiences of older people. Population Ageing and International Development will be the main reference point for teaching and research in the field.

This study draws together some of the best economists and public policy analysts in Australia to contribute to a major assessment and "audit" of the economy. It assesses the economy's recent performance in achieving an environment which encourages sustainable economic growth with an equitable income distribution. It pinpoints what is required to ensure growth with socially and environmentally acceptable outcomes for the future.

This study draws together some of the best economists and public policy analysts in Australia to contribute to a major assessment and "audit" of the economy. It assesses the economy's recent performance in achieving an environment which encourages sustainable economic growth with an equitable income distribution. It pinpoints what is required to ensure growth with socially and environmentally acceptable outcomes for the future.

The pueblos jovenes or 'young towns' of Lima, capital of Peru, are one of the most spectacular phenomena of Latin American urbanization. They were originally formed when poor migrants from the sierra invaded vacant land within the city, initially erecting matting shelters; but latterly governments encouraged the upgrading of these settlements, through the self-help of their residents, and in consequence many older pueblos jovenes developed into poor working-class suburbs with solidly built houses. In this book, which was originally published in 1980 as part of the Urbanization in Developing Countries series, Professor Lloyd outlines the processes that led to the formation of the pueblos jovenes. First, the author shows that the settlement is a strongly cohesive community; and second that the term 'marginal', which is applied to both the settlement and its people, is in many senses inappropriate. He also critically examines government policies between the middle class and the poor.

The book highlights the lack of a clear division between the role of the state and the role of the individual in our modern democracy, and argues that it is necessary to have such a division in order to limit state power. It describes the erosion of liberties and the alteration of rights and tries to explain the reasons for such unprecedented changes The book offers a two pronged solution designed to force governments to acknowledge the rights of citizens and to create a division between the realm and responsibility of the State and that of individual citizens by adopting a "Charter of Principles" and a written constitution.

As the 21st century nears, networked computing is becoming the essence of computing itself. Alternative phrases abound--collaborative work, computer supported cooperative work, simultaneous/concurrent engineering, multimedia real-time interactive work--but the neatest, shortest, and simplest catch-all term was coined in 1978: groupware. The two visionaries who coined the term, Peter and Trudy Johnson-Lenz, are among the 42 expert contributors to Groupware in the 21st Century. Other contributors to the volume include Microsoft's Bill Gates, professors Jay Nunamaker and Tom Malone, and management author Robert Heller. As with most technological sea-changes, the groupware revolution is having its impact first on business, where enhanced interaction between an organization's members, strategic allies, suppliers, and customers can help ensure that it remains dynamic and competitive. Anyone who wants to know about the future of information technology and group processes will want to read this book which brings perspective and clarity to these new technologies.