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This book offers an introduction to the booming field of high-power
laser-matter interaction. It covers the heating of matter to
super-high temperatures and pressures, novel schemes of fast
particle acceleration, matter far from thermal equilibrium,
stimulated radiation scattering, relativistic optics, strong field
QED, as well as relevant applications, such as extreme states of
matter, controlled fusion, and novel radiation sources. All models
and methods considered are introduced as they arise and illustrated
by relevant examples. Each chapter contains a selection of problems
to test the reader's understanding, to apply the models under
discussion to relevant situations and to discover their limits of
validity. The carefully chosen illustrations greatly facilitate the
visualization of physical processes as well as presenting detailed
numerical results. A list of useful formulas and tables are
provided as a guide to quantifying results from experiments and
numerical simulations. Each chapter ends with a description of the
state of the art and the current research frontiers.
Inthepresentvolumethemainaspectsofhigh-powerlaser-matterinteractionin
10 22 2 theintensityrange10 -10 W/cm aredescribed.
Weofferaguidetothistopic
forscientistsandstudentswhohavejustdiscoveredthe
eldasanewandattractive
areaofresearch,andforscientistswhohaveworkedinanother eldandwantto
joinnowthesubjectoflaserplasmas.
Beingawareofthewidedifferencesinthe
degreeofmathematicalpreparationtheindividualcandidatehasacquiredwetried
topresentthesubjectinanalmostself-containedmanner. Tobemorespeci
c,a
bachelordegreeinphysicsenablesthereaderinanycasetofollowwithoutdi-
culty. Generally
uidorgasdynamicsanditsrelativisticversionisnotapartof
thiseducation;itisdevelopedinthecontextwhereitisneeded.
Basicknowledgein
theoreticalmechanics,electrodynamicsandquantumphysicsaretheonlyprereq-
sitesweexpectfromthereader. Throughoutthebookthemainemphasisisonthe
variousbasicphenomenaandtheirunderlyingphysics.
Notmoremathematicsthan necessaryisintroduced.
Thepreferenceisgiventoideas. Agoodmodelisthebest
guidetotheadequatemathematics. Thereexistalreadysomebutnotsomany,
however, goodvolumesandsome
monographsonhigh-powerlaserinteractionwithmatter.
Afterresearchinthis eld hasgrownoverhalfacenturyandhasrami
edintomanybranchesoffundamental
studiesandapplicationsproducingcontinuouslynewresults,thereisnoindication
ofsaturationorlossofattraction,ratherhasexcitementincreasedwiththeyears:
"Therearenolimits;horizonsonly"(G. A. Mourou).
Wetakethisasamotivation
foranewattemptofpresentingourintroductiontotheachievementsfromthebeg-
ninguptopresent. Anadditionalaimwastoofferamoreuni edormoredetailed
viewwherethisispossiblenow. Furthermore,thereadermay
ndconsiderations not encountered in existing volumes on the eld, e.
g. , on ideal uid dynamics,
dimensionalanalysis,questionsofclassicaloptics,instabilitiesandlightpressure.
Inviewoftherapidlygrowing eldofatoms,moleculesandclustersexposedto
superstronglaser
eldsweconsidereditascompulsorytodedicateanentirechapter
tolaser-atominteractionandtothevariousmoderntheoreticalapproachesrelated
toit. Finally,aconsistentmodelofcollisionlessabsorptionisgiven.
Dependingonpersonalpreferencesthereadermaymissperhapsasectionon
inertialfusion,onhighharmonicgenerationandonradiationfromtheplasma,or
ontraditionalatomicandionicspectroscopy.
Inviewofthespecializedliterature vii viii Preface
alreadyavailableonthesubjectswethinktheself-imposedrestrictionisjusti
ed.
Ourreferencingpracticewasguidedbyindicatingmaterialforsupplementaryst-
iesandestablishingacontinuitythroughthedecadesofresearchinthe
eldrather thanbytheaimofcompleteness.
Thelatternowadaysiseasilyachievablewiththe aidoftheInternet.
Wehavetestedthetextwithrespecttocomprehensionandreadability. Our
rst thanksgotoProf. EdithBoriefromtheForschungszentrumKarlsruhe.
Shepro-
readgreatpartsofthetextverycarefullyandgavevaluablecomments.
Insecond placewewouldliketothankMrs.
ChristineEidmannfromTheoreticalQuantum A Electronics (TQE), TU
Darmstadt, for typing in LTX half of the book. We are E
furtherindebtedtoProf.
RudolfBockfromGSI,Darmstadt,forhelpfuldiscussions andprecioushints.
Furtherthanksforhelpfuldiscussions,criticalcomments,che-
ingformulasgotoDr. HerbertSchnabl,Prof. WernerScheid,Dr.
RalfSchneider, Dipl. -Phys. TatjanaMuth,Dr. SteffenHain,andDr.
FrancescoCeccherini. Wewant
toacknowledgeexplicitlythecontinuouseffortandsupportinpreparingthe
nal manuscript by Dr. Su-Ming Weng from the Insitute of Physics,
CAS, China, at presentfellowoftheHumboldtFoundationatTQE.
Forhisprofessionalinputto
thesectiononBrillouinscatteringspecialthanksgotoDr.
StefanHullerfromEcole PolytechniqueinPalaiseau. Darmstadt,Germany
PeterMulser Rostock,Germany DieterBauer Contents 1 Introductory
Remarks and Overview ...1 2 The Laser Plasma: Basic Phenomena and
Laws...5 2. 1 Laser-ParticleInteractionandPlasmaFormation...6 2. 1.
1 High-PowerLaserFields...6 2. 1. 2
SingleFreeElectronintheLaserField(Nonrelativistic). . 9 2. 1. 3
CollisionalIonization,PlasmaHeating,andQuasineutrality 13 2. 2
FluidDescriptionofaPlasma...24 2. 2. 1
Two-FluidandOne-FluidModels...24 2. 2. 2 LinearizedMotions...37 2.
2. 3 SimilaritySolutions...44 2. 3 LaserPlasmaDynamics...58 2. 3. 1
PlasmaProductionwithIntenseShortPulses ...60 2. 3. 2
HeatingwithLongPulsesofConstantIntensity...63 2. 3. 3
SimilarityConsiderations...69 2. 4 SteadyStateAblation...74 2. 4. 1
TheCriticalMachNumberinaStationaryPlanarFlow...75 2. 4. 2
AblativeLaserIntensity...78 2. 4. 3
AblationPressureintheAbsenceofPro leSteepening...82 References...85
3 Laser Light Propagation and Collisional Absorption ...
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