The authors of Informal Politics in East Asia argue that political interaction within the informal dimension (behind-the-scenes politics) is at least as common and influential, though not always as transparent or coherent, as formal politics. This book is a pioneering effort to delineate the various forms of informal politics within different East Asian political cultures and to develop some common theoretical principles for understanding how they work. Featured here are contributions by political scientists specializing in the regions of China, Taiwan, Japan, the Korean peninsula, and Vietnam.

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a nonprofit, public foundation, was established in 1978 to advance the sciences of nutrition, toxicology, and food safety. ILSI promotes the resolution of health and safety issues in these areas by sponsoring research, conferences, publications, and educational programs. Through ILSI's programs, scientists from government, academia, and industry unite their efforts to resolve issues of critical importance to the public. As part of its commitment to understanding and resolving health and safety issues, ILSI is pleased to sponsor this series of monographs that consolidates new scientific knowledge, defines research needs, and provides a background for the effective application of scientific advances in toxicology and food safety. Alex Malaspina President International Life Sciences Institute Contents Series Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . xiii . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part I. Integrative Approach to Assessing Human Health Risk: Two Contemporary Problems Chapter 1. Integrating Diverse Data Sets to Assess the Risks of Airborne Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 R.o. McClellan, R.G. Cuddihy, w.e. Griffith, and J. L. Mauderly Chapter 2. Risk Assessment for Radon Inhalation Based on Animal Exposure Data and Human Epidemiology . . . . . . . 23 . F. Steinhausler Part II. Types of Evidence: General Strengths and Weaknesses Section 1. Epidemiological Chapter 3. Inhalation Hazards: The Interpretation of Epidemiologic Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 . . . . . . . J.e. Bailar Chapter 4. Problems in Interpreting Epidemiological Data 49 P.N. Lee Section 2. Animal Chapter 5. Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies: Their Value and Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 . . . . . . . . . .

The authors of Informal Politics in East Asia argue that political interaction within the informal dimension (behind-the-scenes politics) is at least as common and influential, though not always as transparent or coherent, as formal politics. This book is a pioneering effort to delineate the various forms of informal politics within different East Asian political cultures and to develop some common theoretical principles for understanding how they work. Featured here are contributions by political scientists specializing in the regions of China, Taiwan, Japan, the Korean peninsula, and Vietnam.

The literature searches identified 60 publications which together described the results of a total of 47 relevant epidemiological studies in children. Eighteen of the studies were conducted in the USA, four in Canada, 13 in Europe (in a total of 10 countries), five in Turkey or the Middle East, three in India or the Far East, three in Africa and one in New Zealand. Seven references were published as abstracts. A further 17 publications described studies that seemed possibly relevant, but did not meet the inclusion criteria. The reasons for rejection included no actual data collected on ETS exposure, the study only reporting on whether tobacco smoke brought on wheezing (Speer, 1968), no results reported relating ETS exposure to aggravation of asthma (Wood et al., 1993; Huss et al., 1994; Chadwick, 1996; Gilliland et al., 2001; Morgan et al., 2004), results not reported separately for children (Tarlo et al., 2000; Bayona et al., 2002), results not reported separately for asthmatics (Lebowitz, 1984a; Lebowitz, 1984b; Toyoshima et al., 1987; Strachan et al., 1990; Agudo et al., 1994; Henderson et al., 1995; Fielder et al., 1999; Willers et al., 2000) and endpoint (respiratory illness) too broad (Gilliland et al., 2003). A further study (Bener et al., 1991) was rejected as the data presented seemed totally implausible, with 85% of a sample of schoolchildren reported to have asthma and the odds of having a frequent attack 34 times higher if one of the parents smoked. The studies are described individually in sections 1.2 (USA), 1.3 (Canada), 1.4 (Europe), 1.5 (Asia) and 1.6 (Other). Section 1.7 then summarises various relevant aspects of the studies considered and section 2 brings together the findings by type of endpoint.