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The increased attention devoted to the status and possible declines
of populations of smaller species of terrestrial birds, known
collectively as "landbirds," has resulted in an immediate need for
specific methodology for monitoring their populations. This
handbook is derived from several sources and is based on the
authors' collective experiences in operating monitoring stations.
Presented here are a compilation of methods that can be used to
assay population size, demographics, and status of virtually all
species of landbirds in a wide variety of habitats, from grassland
and tundra to temperate and tropical rain forests. Rare species, or
those with unusual habits, will require some modifications. The
handbook will prove useful to field biologists, managers, and
scientists anywhere in the New World. The handbook first suggests
priorities for selecting a monitoring method and determining
station locations. Then, general tasks that determine which species
can be monitored, and methods of establishing and maintaining a
study plot, journal keeping, and training of personnel are
presented. Two demographic methods are described, one involving
mist nets, and the other finding nests during the breeding season.
Detailed suggestions are given for both methods which should allow
a trained person to successfully operate a station. Both methods
involve monitoring at a station at regular intervals during the
breeding season. The handbook also includes descriptions of four
types of censuses for determining population size and trends: spot
mapping of territories, area searches of specific sites, strip
transects along predetermined routes, and point counts. The latter
method has been accepted as the standard method, is treated in most
detail, and involves a person standing in one spot for 3 to 10
minutes and recording all birds seen or heard. In addition, methods
are suggested for measuring habitat, recording weather, and
color-banding individuals to determine specific demographic
parameters. Throughout the handbook, sources of materials are given
that are needed for each method, as well as specific references to
published works.
The specific objectives of this report are to synthesize available
data and scientific literature on SIEN birds (distribution,
abundance, population trends, and demography for 145 focal
species), identify and discuss current and future ecological
stressors to SIEN bird populations, and describe management
options. The overarching purpose for this report is to inform and
support the SIEN long-term bird monitoring program and the SEKI
Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA). While this report
specifically addresses SIEN and SEKI requirements, the scope of
this assessment is network-wide and should serve to inform the
concurrent YOSE and DEPO NRCA projects.
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