Heutige Computer stellen technische Meisterwerke dar. Doch wie ist es eigentlich möglich, dass ein Stück Silizium zusammen mit ein bisschen Strom ganz alleine Berechnungen ausführt und logische Entscheidungen trifft? Die Antwort auf diese Frage führt uns auf eine faszinierende Reise zu den Grundlagen der binären Arithmetik, Booleschen Algebra und Halbleitertechnologie. Im zweiten Teil spielen wir Lego für Fortgeschrittene und bauen aus einfachen Transistoren nach und nach immer komplexere Schaltungen und schließlich ganze Computer zusammen. Dabei konzentrieren wir uns auf das Wesentliche, setzen nichts voraus und lassen überflüssige Details weg. Ein knapper Ausblick auf das Quantencomputing beschließt diese kurze Geschichte der Technischen Informatik.

Starting with the imminent roll-out of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and fourth-Generation networking technology, Next Generation Networks (NGN) are gradually becoming reality, with charging and Quality-of-Service (QoS) issues as two of the key drivers for the evolution toward the convergent all-IP network of the future. Therefore, the 6th International Workshop on Internet Charging and QoS Technology (ICQT 2009) was devoted to discussing the most recent approaches, models, and mechanisms in this highly interesting and important research area. The present volume of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series includes those papers presented at ICQT 2009-collocated this year with the IFIP Networking 2009 conference-taking place on May 15, 2009, in Aachen, Germany and hosted by the Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH Aachen). For the commercial success of future QoS-enabled communication services, the emergence of viable business models, pricing schemes, and charging and accounting mechanisms is of paramount importance. Problems in this domain can only be addressed through a broad interdisciplinary approach linking together a variety of technical and economic perspectives, which are constantly driving a plethora of relevant research t- ics for application developers, business architects, network providers, service providers, and customers. Within the current trend toward a convergent NGN architecture, compe- tion modeling, pricing mechanisms, and the economics of inter-domain traffic are of specific importance and urgency. Thus, they determined-in the form of three technical sessions-the core of the ICQT 2009 program.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Internet Charging and QoS Technologies, ICQT 2006, held in St. Malo, France, in June 2006 as an associated workshop of ACM Sigmetrics / IFIP Performance 2006.

The 8 revised full papers presented together with a keynote paper were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 27 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on economy-driven modeling, auctions, peer-to-peer, and secure billing, thus addressing a highly interesting facet of networking research and business modelling.

This volume of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series contains the set of papers accepted for presentation at the 5th International Workshop on Quality of future Internet Services (QofIS 2004) and at the two one-day workshops - locatedwithQofIS2004, namelythe1stInternationalWorkshoponQoSRouting (WQoSR 2004) and the 4th International Workshop on Internet Charging and QoS Technology (ICQT 2004). QofIS 2004, the ?fth international event, was organized under the umbrella of the E-NEXT Network of Excellence on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, which started its activities in January 2004. QofIS 2004 took place on September 29 30, 2004 at the Telef onica premises in Barcelona, and was arranged by the Universitat Polit ecnica de Catalunya (UPC). QofIS 2004 in Barcelona followed the highly successful workshops in Stockholm in 2003, Zuric ] h in2002, Coimbrain2001, andBerlinin2000.ThepurposeofQofIS2004, asofall QofIS events, was to present and discuss design and implementation techniques for providing quality of service in the Internet. Theimpactofemergingterminals, mobilityandembeddedsystemsiscreating a new environment where networks are ambient. New challenges are opened by this new space where networks of interest ranging from personal networks to large-scale application networks need to be designed and often integrated. Protocol mechanisms for supporting quality of service at the di?erent layers of thenetworksneedtobeassessedandeventuallyredesignedinsuchenvironments. In this context, the focus of the QofIS 2004 workshop was on the provisioning of Quality of Service in the Emerging Networking Panorama, assessed by results of experiments carried out in simulation platforms and test-beds, and given the progressive irruption of optical technologies."

This volume of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series contains the set of papers accepted for the two co-located NGC/ICQT2003 workshops, i.e., the 5th COST 264 International Workshop on Networked Group Communications (NGC) and the 3rd - ternationalWorkshopon InternetChargingandQoSTechnology(ICQT),bothof which took place at the University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich (UniBwM), Germany and were hosted by the Information and Systems Laboratory, IIS. NGC2003wasthe ?fth workshopin a continuingseriesof highlysuccessfultech- cal meetings on group communications within the framework of the COST Action 264 "Networked Group Communications," following previous events in Pisa, Italy, 1999, Stamford, USA, 2000, London, UK, 2001, and Boston, USA, 2002. ICQT2003 was the latest edition of a vivid workshop on Internet economics and charging technology; previous events took place in the framework of the Annual Meeting of the German - ciety for Computer Science (GI) and the Austrian Computer Society in 2001 in Vienna, Austria, and in Zuri .. ch, Switzerland in 2002, co-located with the QofIS2002 workshop.

This book constitutes the joint refereed proceedings of the Third COST 263 International Workshop on Quality of Future Internet Services, QofIS 2002 and the Second International Workshop on Internet Charging and QoS Technologies, ICQT 2002, held in Zurich, Switzerland, in October 2002.The 30 revised full papers presented together with an invited keynote paper were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 74 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on end-to-end QoS, DiffServ traffic management, traffic marking and queueing, signaling and routing, multi-path routing, service differentiation and QoS control, congestion control and MPLS, charging technologies, pricing models, and economic models and security.

Das Buch stellt die gesamte Bandbreite der Finanzierungsmoglichkeiten dar. Eigenkapital-, Fremdkapital- und Mezzanine-Finanzierungsformen. Das Autorenteam erlautert, welche Finanzierungsinstrumente es gibt und wie sie funktionieren.

Wettbewerblich organisierte Okonomien zeichnen sich durch Wandel einerseits und Anpassungsverhalten andererseits aus. Dabei finden verschiedene okonomische Transformationsprozesse statt: auf einzel- oder gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene, strukturell oder nur regional wirkende Einflusse, verhaltensbedingte oder regelbezogene Veranderungen."

Dieser Leitfaden vermittelt die Grundlagen des modernen Risikomanagements verstandlich und beleuchtet alle Facetten. Neu in der 2. Auflage sind u. a. Kapitel uber die Ratingagenturen, die internen und externen Ratingverfahren sowie die Beurteilung der Gute von Ratings."

Das Buch stellt die gesamte Bandbreite der Finanzierungsmoglichkeiten dar. Eigenkapital-, Fremdkapital- und Mezzanine-Finanzierungsformen. Das Autorenteam erlautert, welche Finanzierungsinstrumente es gibt und wie sie funktionieren."