This volume is the first ever collection devoted to the field of proof-theoretic semantics. Contributions address topics including the systematics of introduction and elimination rules and proofs of normalization, the categorial characterization of deductions, the relation between Heyting's and Gentzen's approaches to meaning, knowability paradoxes, proof-theoretic foundations of set theory, Dummett's justification of logical laws, Kreisel's theory of constructions, paradoxical reasoning, and the defence of model theory. The field of proof-theoretic semantics has existed for almost 50 years, but the term itself was proposed by Schroeder-Heister in the 1980s. Proof-theoretic semantics explains the meaning of linguistic expressions in general and of logical constants in particular in terms of the notion of proof. This volume emerges from presentations at the Second International Conference on Proof-Theoretic Semantics in Tubingen in 2013, where contributing authors were asked to provide a self-contained description and analysis of a significant research question in this area. The contributions are representative of the field and should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and mathematicians alike.

Natural and agro-ecosystems are frequently exposed to natural or synthetic substances, which, while they have no direct nutritional value or significance in metabolism, may negatively affect plant functioning. These, xenobiotics, may originate from both natural (fires, volcano eruptions, soil or rock erosion, biodegradation) and anthropogenic (air and soil pollution, herbicides) sources. And, while affected plants have only a limited number of possibilities for avoiding accumulation of these compounds, they do exhibit several enzymatic reactions for detoxification including oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and conjugation reactions. In agro-ecosystems in particular these mechanisms have great significance in relation to herbicide detoxification and tolerance. In this volume an international group of experts present an overview of the nature and distribution of organic xenobiotics, including their uptake, effects on plant functioning and detoxification mechanisms. The particular significance of glutathione S-transferases in bio-indication and bio-monitoring, and in the detoxification of volatile organic air pollutants and herbicides is evaluated, and their potential significance in phytoremediation and bioaccumulation will be discussed. This volume will be of interest to a wide audience, from graduate students to senior researchers in a wide range of disciplines including plant ecology, plant biochemistry, agriculture and environmental management. It will also be of practical interest to environmentalists, policy makers and resource managers.

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) remains a puzzling and complex subject for students and scholars alike. This is hardly surprising since it is often contested among historians whether it is actually appropriate to speak of a single war or a series of conflicts. Similarly emphasis is also put on the different motives for going to war, as conflicting religious and political interests were involved. This Research Companion brings together leading scholars in the field to synthesize the range of existing research on the war, which is still fragmented and divided along national historical lines, and to further explore the complexities of the conflict using an innovative comparative approach. The Companion is designed to provide scholars and graduate students with a comprehensive and authoritative overview of research on one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.

One of the great paradoxes of post-medieval Europe, is why instead of bringing peace to a disorganised and violent world, modernity instead produced a seemingly endless string of conflicts and social upheavals. Why was it that the foundation and institutionalisation of secured peace and the rule of law seemed to go hand-in-hand with the proliferation of war and the violation of individual and collective rights? In order to try to better understand such profound questions, this volume explores the history and theories of political thought of international relations in the seventeenth century, a period in which many of the defining features and boundaries of modern Europe where fixed and codified. With the discovery of the New World, and the fundamental impact of the Reformation, the complexity of international relations increased considerably. Reactions to these upheavals resulted in a range of responses intended to address the contradictions and conflicts of the anarchical society of states. Alongside the emergence of "modern" international law, the equation of international relations with the state of nature, and the development of the "balance of power", diplomatic procedures and commercial customs arose which shaped the emerging (and current) international system of states. Employing a multidisciplinary approach to address these issues, this volume brings together political scientists, philosophers, historians of political thought, jurists and scholars of international relations. What emerges is a certain tension between the different strands of research which allows for a fruitful new synthesis. In this respect the assembled essays in this volume offer a sophisticated and fresh account of the interactions of law, conflict and the nation state in an early-modern European context.

Swiss-born Emer de Vattel (1714-1767) was one of the last eminent thinkers of natural law. He shaped the later part of early-modern natural jurisprudence. At the time, the subject had become a fashionable academic sub-discipline in both jurisprudence and philosophy. Vattel's considerable impact on statesmen, political thinkers, diplomats and lawyers during his lifetime and after rested primarily on the fact that his The Law of Nations (1758) transformed natural law into the basis of a more comprehensive and practicable theory of interstate relations. His ideas served to promote reform programmes whose comprehensive natures spanned the domains of economic reform, constitutionalism and international diplomacy and foreign trade policy. Vattel's conception centred round the principle that defined all sovereign states as nations composed of societies of free men and profoundly influenced legal and political debates in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Can there ever be trust between states? This study explores the concept of trust across different and sometimes antagonistic genres of international political thought during the seventeenth century. The natural law and reason of state traditions worked on different assumptions, but they mutually influenced each other. How have these traditions influenced the different concepts and discussions of trust-building? Bringing together international political thought and international law, Schroeder analyses to what extent trust can be seen as one of the foundational concepts in the theorising of interstate relations in this decisive period. Despite the ongoing search for conditions of trust between states, we are still faced with the same structural problems. This study is therefore of interest not only to specialists and students of the early modern period, but also to everyone thinking about ways of overcoming conflicts which are aggravated by a lack of mutual trust.

This volume is the first ever collection devoted to the field of proof-theoretic semantics. Contributions address topics including the systematics of introduction and elimination rules and proofs of normalization, the categorial characterization of deductions, the relation between Heyting's and Gentzen's approaches to meaning, knowability paradoxes, proof-theoretic foundations of set theory, Dummett's justification of logical laws, Kreisel's theory of constructions, paradoxical reasoning, and the defence of model theory. The field of proof-theoretic semantics has existed for almost 50 years, but the term itself was proposed by Schroeder-Heister in the 1980s. Proof-theoretic semantics explains the meaning of linguistic expressions in general and of logical constants in particular in terms of the notion of proof. This volume emerges from presentations at the Second International Conference on Proof-Theoretic Semantics in Tubingen in 2013, where contributing authors were asked to provide a self-contained description and analysis of a significant research question in this area. The contributions are representative of the field and should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and mathematicians alike.

Natural and agro-ecosystems are frequently exposed to natural or synthetic substances, which, while they have no direct nutritional value or significance in metabolism, may negatively affect plant functioning. These, xenobiotics, may originate from both natural (fires, volcano eruptions, soil or rock erosion, biodegradation) and anthropogenic (air and soil pollution, herbicides) sources. And, while affected plants have only a limited number of possibilities for avoiding accumulation of these compounds, they do exhibit several enzymatic reactions for detoxification including oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and conjugation reactions. In agro-ecosystems in particular these mechanisms have great significance in relation to herbicide detoxification and tolerance. In this volume an international group of experts present an overview of the nature and distribution of organic xenobiotics, including their uptake, effects on plant functioning and detoxification mechanisms. The particular significance of glutathione S-transferases in bio-indication and bio-monitoring, and in the detoxification of volatile organic air pollutants and herbicides is evaluated, and their potential significance in phytoremediation and bioaccumulation will be discussed. This volume will be of interest to a wide audience, from graduate students to senior researchers in a wide range of disciplines including plant ecology, plant biochemistry, agriculture and environmental management. It will also be of practical interest to environmentalists, policy makers and resource managers.

ThisvolumecontainsthepaperspresentedattheFirstInternationalSymposium on Algorithmic Game Theory (SAGT 2008) held from April 30 to May 2 in Paderborn, Germany. The purpose of SAGT is to bring together researchers from computer science, economics and mathematics to present and discuss original research at the intersection of algorithms and game theory. It is intended to cover all important areas of algorithmic game theory, such as: solution concepts in game theory; game classes (e. g., bimatrix, potential, Bayesian); exact and appro- mate computation of equilibria; convergence and learning in games; complexity classesingametheory;algorithmicaspectsof?xed-pointtheorems;mechanisms, incentives and coalitions; cost-sharing algorithms and analysis; computational aspects of market equilibria; computational problems in economics, ?nance, - cision theory and pricing; auction algorithms and analysis; price of anarchy and its relatives; representations of games and their complexity; economic aspects of distributed computing and the Internet; network formation on the Internet; congestion, routing and network design games; game-theoretic approaches to networking problems; Byzantine game theory. There were 60 submissions. Each submission was reviewed by three P- gramme Committee members. The committee decided to accept 28 papers. The programme also included three invited talks from outstanding researchers ChristosPapadimitriou, NobelMemorialPrizewinnerReinhardSeltenandPaul Spirakis. We would like to thank all the Programme Committee members and the external reviewers who assisted them in their work. The members of the Organizing Committee as well as the developer of the EasyChair conference system deserve our gratitude for their contributions throughout the preparations.

Discrete differential geometry is an active mathematical terrain where differential geometry and discrete geometry meet and interact. It provides discrete equivalents of the geometric notions and methods of differential geometry, such as notions of curvature and integrability for polyhedral surfaces. Current progress in this field is to a large extent stimulated by its relevance for computer graphics and mathematical physics. This collection of essays, which documents the main lectures of the 2004 Oberwolfach Seminar on the topic, as well as a number of additional contributions by key participants, gives a lively, multi-facetted introduction to this emerging field.

This open access book is the first ever collection of Karl Popper's writings on deductive logic. Karl R. Popper (1902-1994) was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of science ("falsificationism") and his social and political philosophy ("open society") have been widely discussed way beyond academic philosophy. What is not so well known is that Popper also produced a considerable work on the foundations of deductive logic, most of it published at the end of the 1940s as articles at scattered places. This little-known work deserves to be known better, as it is highly significant for modern proof-theoretic semantics. This collection assembles Popper's published writings on deductive logic in a single volume, together with all reviews of these papers. It also contains a large amount of unpublished material from the Popper Archives, including Popper's correspondence related to deductive logic and manuscripts that were (almost) finished, but did not reach the publication stage. All of these items are critically edited with additional comments by the editors. A general introduction puts Popper's work into the context of current discussions on the foundations of logic. This book should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and anybody concerned with Popper's work.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Seminar on Proof Theory in Computer Science, PTCS 2001, held in Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in October 2001.The 13 thoroughly revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. Among the topics addressed are higher type recursion, lambda calculus, complexity theory, transfinite induction, categories, induction-recursion, post-Turing analysis, natural deduction, implicit characterization, iterate logic, and Java programming.

27 contributions treat the state of the art in Monte Carlo and Finite Element methods for radiosity and radiance. Further special topics dealt with are the use of image maps to capture light throughout space, complexity, volumetric stochastic descriptions, innovative approaches to sampling and approximation, and system architecture. The Rendering Workshop proceedings are an obligatory piece of literature for all scientists working in the rendering field, but they are also very valuable for the practitioner involved in the implementation of state of the art rendering system certainly influencing the scientific progress in this field.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Extensions of Logic Programming, ELP '96, held in Leipzig, Germany in March 1996.
The 18 full papers included were carefully selected by the program committee and are presented together with three invited papers. Among the topics addressed in this book are categorical logic programming, correctness of logic programs, functional-logic languages, implementation issues, linear logic programming, nonmonotonic reasoning, and proof search.

This volume contains papers presented at the second international workshop on extensions of logic programming, which was held at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Stockhom, January 27-29, 1991. The 12 papers describe and discuss several approaches to extensions of logic programming languages such as PROLOG, as well as connections between logic programming and functional programming, theoretical foundations of extensions, applications, and programming methodologies. The first workshop in this series was held in T}bingen in 1989 and its proceedings areavailable as LNCS 475. The third workshop will be held in Bologna in 1992.

This volume contains finalized versions of papers presented at an international workshop on extensions of logic programming, held at the Seminar for Natural Language Systems at the University of TA1/4bingen in December 1989. Several recent extensions of definite Horn clause programming, especially those with a proof-theoretic background, have much in common. One common thread is a new emphasis on hypothetical reasoning, which is typically inspired by Gentzen-style sequent or natural deduction systems. This is not only of theoretical significance, but also bears upon computational issues. It was one purpose of the workshop to bring some of these recent developments together. The volume covers topics such as the languages Lambda-Prolog, N-Prolog, and GCLA, the relationship between logic programming and functional programming, and the relationship between extensions of logic programming and automated theorem proving. It contains the results of the first conference concentrating on proof-theoretic approaches to logic programming.

Declamationes, das sind Aoebungsreden A1/4ber fiktive Themen im Rhetorikunterricht, durch die der SchA1/4ler auf seine etwaige spAtere RednertAtigkeit in der Politik, vor allem aber auch vor Gericht vorbereitet werden soll. Musterbeispiele solcher Reden konnten der Unterhaltung eines grAAeren Publikums dienen. In dieser Form rA1/4ckten sie in die NAhe anderer Prunkreden, die z.B. der Feier einer besonderen Gelegenheit oder WA1/4rdigung einer zu ehrenden Person diesen sollten. Der vorliegende Sammelband dokumentiert den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu verschiedenen Mustern der "klangvollen Rede" von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit und ist somit ein Beitrag fA1/4r eine fAcherA1/4bergreifende Diskussion zum Gattungsbegriff der declamatio, aber auch zur Geschichte der Rhetorik insgesamt.

SCHRIFTEN DES INSTITUTS FUER DEUTSCHE SPRACHE (SIDS) is published by the German Language Institute (IDS) in Mannheim. The German Language Institute is one of the most prominent research institutes for research and documentation of the German language in the past and present. The renowned publications series SIDS publishes the results of research projects at the German Language Institute. The series includes high-quality handbooks, e.g. Grammar of the German Language (Strecker/Hoffmann/Zifonun), and fundamental monographs on all areas of the grammar, pragmatics, lexicon and morphology of German. SIDS is a standard series of German linguistics.

This open access book is the first ever collection of Karl Popper's writings on deductive logic. Karl R. Popper (1902-1994) was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of science ("falsificationism") and his social and political philosophy ("open society") have been widely discussed way beyond academic philosophy. What is not so well known is that Popper also produced a considerable work on the foundations of deductive logic, most of it published at the end of the 1940s as articles at scattered places. This little-known work deserves to be known better, as it is highly significant for modern proof-theoretic semantics. This collection assembles Popper's published writings on deductive logic in a single volume, together with all reviews of these papers. It also contains a large amount of unpublished material from the Popper Archives, including Popper's correspondence related to deductive logic and manuscripts that were (almost) finished, but did not reach the publication stage. All of these items are critically edited with additional comments by the editors. A general introduction puts Popper's work into the context of current discussions on the foundations of logic. This book should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and anybody concerned with Popper's work.

Can there ever be trust between states? This study explores the concept of trust across different and sometimes antagonistic genres of international political thought during the seventeenth century. The natural law and reason of state traditions worked on different assumptions, but they mutually influenced each other. How have these traditions influenced the different concepts and discussions of trust-building? Bringing together international political thought and international law, Schroeder analyses to what extent trust can be seen as one of the foundational concepts in the theorising of interstate relations in this decisive period. Despite the ongoing search for conditions of trust between states, we are still faced with the same structural problems. This study is therefore of interest not only to specialists and students of the early modern period, but also to everyone thinking about ways of overcoming conflicts which are aggravated by a lack of mutual trust.

"Riverside Park" is an illustrated tribute to Frederick Law Olmsted's "other" New York City sanctuary. Since its conception in the 1870s, the park has undergone a number of transformations and suffered from periods of misuse and neglect, but in 1984, much-needed renovations turned this city oasis into what is today one of Manhattan's most beautiful attractions.

"If the West Side does not stir you, you are a clod, past redemption."-Robert Moses

Millions visit the Upper West Side landmark annually, and despite the heavy use, thousands of volunteers keep the grounds pristine. The park is now being extended southward as part of Manhattan's plan to reclaim the island's six hundred miles of waterfront, and Riverside Drive-Olmsted's curving thoroughfare flanking the park-has long been one of Manhattan's premier addresses.

"I often feel drawn to the Hudson River.... I never get tired of looking at it; it hypnotizes me."-Joseph Mitchell, from "The Rivermen"

From the time it was carved out of an unpromising landscape, Riverside Park has continued to reinvent itself. Using photographs (both contemporary and historical), illustrations, poems, and original and excerpted narrative, Edward Grimm and E. Peter Schroeder tell the intriguing story of a symbol of the modern revitalization of New York City.

"Riverside Park will be a genuine riverside reservation, dedicated forever to the use of the people, beautiful in the highest sense."- "The New York World," April 24, 1892

*Includes the official Riverside Park Fund Map of 2007*

2. Fiihrung in Sozialen Institutionen Johannes Eurich und Alexander Brink Sozialphilosophische und untemehmensethische Aspekte von Fiihrung auf der Grundlage von Anerkennung ................................................................ 139 Klaus Hildemann Diakonische Untemehmensfiihrung zwischen Ethik- und Marktorientierung ........................................................................... 161 Alfred Jager Die Funktion der Ethik-Kommission in sozialen Untemehmen ....................... 173 Andreas Langer Professionsethik oder Professionsokonomik? Thesen zur Organisation professioneller Dienstleistungen zwischen okonomischen Instrumenten und weichen Institutionen ................................................................................. 187 3. Handlungskontexte Sozialer Institutionen zwischen Ethik und Okonomik Karl Kalhle Die, Pflege' auf dem Weg zur Profession? Zur neueren Entwicklung der Pflegeberufe vor dem Hintergrund des Wandels und der Okonomisierung im Gesundheitswesen ........................................................................................ 215 Rainer Kretschmer und Gertrud Nass DRGs im Krankenhausalltag - Arztliche Entscheidungen im Spagat zwischen knappen Ressourcen und Ethik ......................................................... 247 Traugott Jahnichen 1m Spagat zwischen theologischem Anspruch und okonomischen Zwangen. Die, Dienstgemeinschaft' und der arbeitsrechtliche Sonderweg kirchlicher Krankenhauser vor der Bewahrungsprobe ........................................................ 265 Autorenverzeichnis ........................................................................................... 285 Vorwort Mit dem vorliegenden Herausgeberband wird ein Themenfeld aufgegriffen, das besonders in Zeiten knapper Kassen im Sozial- und Gesundheitssektor, Kon junktur' hat, obwohl es vor allem im Zusammenhang mit untemehmens- und wirtschaftsethischen Anslitzen bereits breit diskutiert wurde. Die Gestaltung sozialer Institutionen gerlit anscheinend mehr und mehr in ein Dilemma zwi schen Markt und Moral."