- Detailed examples of new technology and its important applications for global security and defence, sufficient guidelines for immediate implementations. - Aimed at system theorists, distributed algorithms designers, NASA, DARPA, and SDA network managers, defence and security personnel, university students interested in advanced MSc and PhD projects, and many others. - The book offers a concrete and very practical management solution for many problems described in other books in this area, which were presented mostly on general descriptive and qualitative levels

This book investigates new important applications of the Spatial Grasp Technology (SGT) allowing us to effectively simulate and manage large distributed dynamic systems on semantic and holistic levels. This patented technology, developed for decades and in different countries, is based on a completely different philosophy and model allowing us to directly operate in united distributed physical and virtual spaces and provide system solutions much simpler and more compact than under other approaches. The described applications include basic operations suitable for solving many network-related problems, simulation of such mysterious concept as consciousness so important for the design of advanced intelligent systems, modelling the spread of viruses and distribution of antivirus vaccine, and also implementation of the latest decision-centric and mosaic-based organizational concepts important for modern defence and industrial systems. The described technology version with its Spatial Grasp Language can be implemented even within university environments, with communicating language interpreter copies, potentially numbering millions to billions, easily embedded into any existing systems, including Internet, thus converting the whole world into a powerful symbiotic simulation management engine. The book is oriented on system scientists, application programmers, industry managers, and also university students interested in advanced M.Sc. and Ph.D. projects related to distributed system management.

This book investigates new important applications of the Spatial Grasp Technology (SGT) allowing us to effectively simulate and manage large distributed dynamic systems on semantic and holistic levels. This patented technology, developed for decades and in different countries, is based on a completely different philosophy and model allowing us to directly operate in united distributed physical and virtual spaces and provide system solutions much simpler and more compact than under other approaches. The described applications include basic operations suitable for solving many network-related problems, simulation of such mysterious concept as consciousness so important for the design of advanced intelligent systems, modelling the spread of viruses and distribution of antivirus vaccine, and also implementation of the latest decision-centric and mosaic-based organizational concepts important for modern defence and industrial systems. The described technology version with its Spatial Grasp Language can be implemented even within university environments, with communicating language interpreter copies, potentially numbering millions to billions, easily embedded into any existing systems, including Internet, thus converting the whole world into a powerful symbiotic simulation management engine. The book is oriented on system scientists, application programmers, industry managers, and also university students interested in advanced M.Sc. and Ph.D. projects related to distributed system management.

This book describes the application of a high-level technology to solve problems in distributed systems that have networked structures with millions to billions of nodes. The main difference from other works is that the approach is based on holistically and simultaneously analysing these systems using a spatial pattern-matching mode, which produces solutions hundreds of times faster than usual. The latest version of the technology is described, together with implementation details and basic Spatial Grasp Language. In addition, the book highlights numerous solutions, covering graph and network problems, their use in large social, industrial, and business ecosystems, social robotics and driverless transport, and the possibility of extrapolating from known gestalt laws on distributed systems, which could potentially be applied in civil and defence contexts. The book is intended for system scientists, business and industry managers, economists, application programmers, security and defence personnel, as well as university students.

The book describes a novel ideology and supporting information technology for integral management of both civil and defence-orientated large, distributed dynamic systems. The approach is based on a high-level Spatial Grasp Language, SGL, expressing solutions in physical, virtual, executive and combined environments in the form of active self-evolving and self-propagating patterns spatially matching the systems to be created, modified and controlled. The communicating interpreters of SGL can be installed in key system points, which may be in large numbers (up to millions and billions) and represent equipped humans, robots, laptops, smartphones, smart sensors, etc. Operating under gestalt-inspired scenarios in SGL initially injected from any points, these systems can be effectively converted into goal-driven spatial machines (rather than computers as dealing with physical matter too) capable of responding to numerous challenges caused by growing world dynamics in the 21st century. Including numerous practical examples, the book is a valuable resource for system managers and programmers.

The book describes a novel ideology and supporting information technology for integral management of both civil and defence-orientated large, distributed dynamic systems. The approach is based on a high-level Spatial Grasp Language, SGL, expressing solutions in physical, virtual, executive and combined environments in the form of active self-evolving and self-propagating patterns spatially matching the systems to be created, modified and controlled. The communicating interpreters of SGL can be installed in key system points, which may be in large numbers (up to millions and billions) and represent equipped humans, robots, laptops, smartphones, smart sensors, etc. Operating under gestalt-inspired scenarios in SGL initially injected from any points, these systems can be effectively converted into goal-driven spatial machines (rather than computers as dealing with physical matter too) capable of responding to numerous challenges caused by growing world dynamics in the 21st century. Including numerous practical examples, the book is a valuable resource for system managers and programmers.

Thermal Analysis of Micro-, Nano- and Non-Crystalline Materials: Transformation, Crystallization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics complements and adds to volume 8 Glassy, Amorphous and Nano-Crystalline Materials by providing a coherent and authoritative overview of cutting-edge themes in this field. In particular, the book focuses on reaction thermodynamics and kinetics applied to solid-state chemistry and thermal physics of various states of materials. Written by an international array of distinguished academics, the book deals with fundamental and historical aspects of phenomenological kinetics, equilibrium background of processes, crystal defects, non-stoichiometry and nano-crystallinity, reduced glass-transition temperatures and glass-forming coefficients, determination of the glass transition by DSC, the role of heat transfer and phase transition in DTA experiments, explanation of DTA/DSC methods used for the estimation of crystal nucleation, structural relaxation and viscosity behaviour in glass and associated relaxation kinetics, influence of preliminary nucleation and coupled phenomenological kinetics, nucleation on both the strongly curved surfaces and nano-particles, crystallization of glassy and amorphous materials including oxides, chalcogenides and metals, non-parametric and fractal description of kinetics, disorder and dimensionality in nano-crystalline diamond, thermal analysis of waste glass batches, amorphous inorganic polysialates and bioactivity of hydroxyl groups as well as reaction kinetics and unconventional glass formability of oxide superconductors. Thermal Analysis of Micro-, Nano- and Non-Crystalline Materials: Transformation, Crystallization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics is a valuable resource to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, and researches working in the application fields of material thermodynamics, thermal analysis, thermophysical measurements, and calorimetry.

Gerhard M ller (1705 1783) is renowned as the first historian to specialise in the history and culture of Siberia. Born in Westphalia, M ller was invited to teach at the newly founded Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg in 1725. He joined the Second Kamtchatka Expedition to western Siberia in 1735, and on his return spent the remainder of his life publishing works on the history of Siberia. His co-author Peter Simon Pallas (1741 1811) also served on several expeditions to Siberia. This volume, first published in English in 1842, contains the English translation of these authors' detailed description of the Russian colonisation of Siberia and tensions with China. Combining ethnographic material with accounts of Russia's trade with indigenous Siberian peoples and China, this volume presented one of the first scholarly accounts of Siberia to western Europe at a time when the region was little known outside of Russia.

"Thermal Analysis of Micro-, Nano- and Non-Crystalline Materials: Transformation, Crystallization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics" complements and adds to volume 8 "Glassy, Amorphous and Nano-Crystalline Materials" by providing a coherent and authoritative overview of cutting-edge themes in this field. In particular, the book focuses on reaction thermodynamics and kinetics applied to solid-state chemistry and thermal physics of various states of materials.

Written by an international array of distinguished academics, the book deals with fundamental and historical aspects of phenomenological kinetics, equilibrium background of processes, crystal defects, non-stoichiometry and nano-crystallinity, reduced glass-transition temperatures and glass-forming coefficients, determination of the glass transition by DSC, the role of heat transfer and phase transition in DTA experiments, explanation of DTA/DSC methods used for the estimation of crystal nucleation, structural relaxation and viscosity behaviour in glass and associated relaxation kinetics, influence of preliminary nucleation and coupled phenomenological kinetics, nucleation on both the strongly curved surfaces and nano-particles, crystallization of glassy and amorphous materials including oxides, chalcogenides and metals, non-parametric and fractal description of kinetics, disorder and dimensionality in nano-crystalline diamond, thermal analysis of waste glass batches, amorphous inorganic polysialates and bioactivity of hydroxyl groups as well as reaction kinetics and unconventional glass formability of oxide superconductors.

"Thermal Analysis of Micro-, Nano- and Non-Crystalline Materials: Transformation, Crystallization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics" is a valuable resource to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, and researches working in the application fields of material thermodynamics, thermal analysis, thermophysical measurements, and calorimetry.

Born half a century ago, predating the internet and named WAVE in its infantry, the Spatial Grasp Model has been tested on numerous applications: graph and network theory, collective robotics, crisis management, security and defense, social systems, and space-based systems. The Spatial Grasp Model confirms the potential applicability of the developed paradigm, language, and technology for solving much broader classes of problems, especially those related to large and unknown worlds. Presenting the main ideas of the Spatial Grasp paradigm and details of its key Spatial Grasp Language (SGL) - including its philosophy, methodology, syntax, semantics, and interpretation in distributed systems - Sapaty explores extended technological applications of the approach. Allowing us to evaluate large, distributed phenomena by their physical or virtual coverage, The Spatial Grasp Model suggests uses beyond the theoretical, including the examination of hurricanes and forest fires. Investigating group behaviour of ocean animals, discovery of unknown terrain features, and path-findings in large transport networks truly demonstrates the real-world application of SGL. Applicable for high-level formulation of key problems and their solutions in the place of natural languages, The Spatial Grasp Model is crucial reading for researchers across multiple fields faced with developing global.

This book describes the application of a high-level technology to solve problems in distributed systems that have networked structures with millions to billions of nodes. The main difference from other works is that the approach is based on holistically and simultaneously analysing these systems using a spatial pattern-matching mode, which produces solutions hundreds of times faster than usual. The latest version of the technology is described, together with implementation details and basic Spatial Grasp Language. In addition, the book highlights numerous solutions, covering graph and network problems, their use in large social, industrial, and business ecosystems, social robotics and driverless transport, and the possibility of extrapolating from known gestalt laws on distributed systems, which could potentially be applied in civil and defence contexts. The book is intended for system scientists, business and industry managers, economists, application programmers, security and defence personnel, as well as university students.

In September 2018, the 73rd General Assembly of the United Nations acknowledged that international instability is increasing and that improving global security is among the most important tasks facing the world today. The Assembly concluded that it is extremely important to develop new, effective frameworks and technologies to understand and confront increasingly complex networks of actors, interests, and contexts. Leading international security expert Peter Sapaty meets this challenge head-on and introduces a new, high-level distributed processing and control approach capable of finding real-time solutions for irregularities, crises, and security problems emerging any time and in any part of the world. Drawing upon the principles of Gestalt psychology, this book develops a radically new model of technology, Spatial Grasp Technology (SGT), a self-navigating, self-replicating, self-modifying spatial pattern technology expressed in a special high-level recursive language. Through rigorous theoretical argument and many practical examples, Sapaty shows how SGT can account for millions to billions of nodes distributed worldwide without vulnerable central resources; explains why SGT is hundreds of times shorter, simpler, and faster than other models and languages; and shows that SGT's technology basics are so simple that they can be effectively implemented even in a short time by a small group of system programmers within traditional university environments. Perhaps most importantly, Sapaty demonstrates how SGT is capable of implementing security scenarios not only at run time, but also conceivably ahead of it, allowing in some cases for the prediction and even prevention of local or global crises. For the novelty, simplicity, and wide applicability of its approach, Complexity in International Security is essential reading for system scientists, application programmers, industry managers, security and defence personnel, and university students interested in advanced MSc and PhD projects in the area of holistic and distributed management.