The literature on natural bundles and natural operators in differential geometry, was until now, scattered in the mathematical journal literature. This book is the first monograph on the subject, collecting this material in a unified presentation. The book begins with an introduction to differential geometry stressing naturality and functionality, and the general theory of connections on arbitrary fibered manifolds. The functional approach to classical natural bundles is extended to a large class of geometrically interesting categories. Several methods of finding all natural operators are given and these are identified for many concrete geometric problems. After reduction each problem to a finite order setting, the remaining discussion is based on properties of jet spaces, and the basic structures from the theory of jets are therefore described here too in a self-contained manner. The relations of these geometric problems to corresponding questions in mathematical physics are brought out in several places in the book, and it closes with a very comprehensive bibliography of over 300 items. This book is a timely addition to literature filling the gap that existed here and will be a standard reference on natural operators for the next few years.

The aim of this work is threefold: First it should be a monographical work on natural bundles and natural op erators in differential geometry. This is a field which every differential geometer has met several times, but which is not treated in detail in one place. Let us explain a little, what we mean by naturality. Exterior derivative commutes with the pullback of differential forms. In the background of this statement are the following general concepts. The vector bundle A kT* M is in fact the value of a functor, which associates a bundle over M to each manifold M and a vector bundle homomorphism over f to each local diffeomorphism f between manifolds of the same dimension. This is a simple example of the concept of a natural bundle. The fact that exterior derivative d transforms sections of A kT* M into sections of A k+1T* M for every manifold M can be expressed by saying that d is an operator from A kT* M into A k+1T* M."

Dieses Buch bietet ein Panorama der Schicksale österreichischer Mathematikerinnen und Mathematiker, deren Leben von der NS-Zeit beeinflusst wurde. Zu Beginn wird in einem Überblick das allgemeine geistige und politische Klima und die Entwicklung des Staates Österreich und besonders der universitären Institutionen geschildert. Der Zeitraum umfasst den ersten Weltkrieg bis zur Erholung der Republik Österreich nach dem 2. Weltkrieg. Geographisch geht der Blick darüber hinaus und erfasst auch Mathematiker in den „im Reichsrathe vertretenen Königreichen und Ländern“ sowie den zur anderen Reichshälfte der Doppelmonarchie gehörenden deutschsprachigen Gebieten. Dazu gehören auch die kriegsgefangenen französischen Mathematiker, gelegentlich tschechische Mathematiker aus Brünn oder Prag, Gäste aus Polen oder Ungarn, schließlich auch Mathematiker aus der slowenischen Schule der altösterreichischen Lehrbuchautoren. Im Brennpunkt der Betrachtung stehen die Menschen, die Mathematik treiben, das Nebeneinander von individuellen, aber untereinander und mit Ständestaat- und NS-Institutionen verflochtenen Biografien.