This edited collection explores how party politics impacts the implementation of gender quotas in political representation across Europe. Contributors identify actors, institutions, and cultural legacies shape how quotas are put into practice. The volume's subtitle, Resisting Institutions, points to the myriad ways in which parties and other institutions in Europe over time have resisted the inclusion of women into politics. As voluntary party quotas and legislative quotas gained prominence, so did strategies to undermine them. At the same time, Resisting Institutions also indicates that gender equality actors have developed ways to counter such blockages and advance the cause of parity in their legislatures. 17 country cases explore the current state of quota implementation and the effects of confronting androcentric institutions.

What is symbolic representation? Since Hanna Pitkin's seminal The Concept of Representation, the symbolic has been the least studied dimension of political representation. Innovatively adopting a discursive approach, this book - the first full-length treatment of symbolic representation - focuses on gender issues to tackle important questions such as: What are women and men symbols of, and how is gender constructed in policy discourse? It studies what functions symbolic representation fulfils in the construction of gender, what social roles get legitimized in policy discourse, and how this affects power constellations, ultimately revealing much about the relation between symbolic, descriptive, and substantive representation. Emanuela Lombardo and Petra Meier draw on theories of symbolic representation and gender, as well as rich primary material about political debates on labour and care issues, partnership and reproductive rights, gender violence, and quotas. Using this original data, the authors show that reconsidering symbolic representation from a discursive perspective makes explicit issues of (in)equality embedded within particular constructions, as well as their consequences for political representation and gender equality. This important exploration raises relevant new questions regarding the representation of gender that form valuable contributions to the fields of political science, political theory, sociology, and gender studies.

What is symbolic representation? Since Hanna Pitkin's seminal The Concept of Representation, the symbolic has been the least studied dimension of political representation. Innovatively adopting a discursive approach, this book - the first full-length treatment of symbolic representation - focuses on gender issues to tackle important questions such as: What are women and men symbols of, and how is gender constructed in policy discourse? It studies what functions symbolic representation fulfils in the construction of gender, what social roles get legitimized in policy discourse, and how this affects power constellations, ultimately revealing much about the relation between symbolic, descriptive, and substantive representation. Emanuela Lombardo and Petra Meier draw on theories of symbolic representation and gender, as well as rich primary material about political debates on labour and care issues, partnership and reproductive rights, gender violence, and quotas. Using this original data, the authors show that reconsidering symbolic representation from a discursive perspective makes explicit issues of (in)equality embedded within particular constructions, as well as their consequences for political representation and gender equality. This important exploration raises relevant new questions regarding the representation of gender that form valuable contributions to the fields of political science, political theory, sociology, and gender studies.

This book explores the discursive constructions of gender equality and the implications of these understandings in a broad range of policy fields. Using gender equality as a prime example, a number of internationally renowned scholars offer a new vocabulary to identify and study processes of the reduction, amplification, shifting or freezing of meaning. The main aim of the book is to understand the dynamics and to reflect on the consequences of such discursive politics in recent policy making on gender equality. It explores both the potential opportunities that are opened up for the promotion of equality through discursive politics, and the limitations they impose. Distinctive features of the volume include: chapters covering a range of case studies in Europe, the USA, and the Asia region, tackling contemporary political debates on equality new insights of relevance to public policy practices such as gender mainstreaming, with theorizing on intersecting inequalities The Discursive Politics of Gender Equality will be of interest to students and scholars, of political science, public policy, comparative politics, gender and women studies.

This book explores the discursive constructions of gender equality and the implications of these understandings in a broad range of policy fields.

Using gender equality as a prime example, a number of internationally renowned scholars offer a new vocabulary to identify and study processes of the reduction, amplification, shifting or freezing of meaning. The main aim of the book is to understand the dynamics and to reflect on the consequences of such discursive politics in recent policy making on gender equality. It explores both the potential opportunities that are opened up for the promotion of equality through discursive politics, and the limitations they impose. Distinctive features of the volume include:

• chapters covering a range of case studies in Europe, the USA, and the Asia region, tackling contemporary political debates on equality

• new insights of relevance to public policy practices such as gender mainstreaming, with theorizing on intersecting inequalities

The Discursive Politics of Gender Equality will be of interest to students and scholars, of political science, public policy, comparative politics, gender and women studies.

Facharbeit (Schule) aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Padagogik - Padagogische Psychologie, Note: 1, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Meine Hausarbeit beschreibt Wege, die Eskalationen mit Kindern verhindern helfen. Ich gebe Einblicke in eine koedukative therapeutische Wohngruppe, deren Kinder zwischen elf und siebzehn Jahren alt sind. An Hand von Beispielen zeige ich, wie ihr auffalliges Verhalten durch Struktur, bekannte Regeln und Prasenz" nachlasst. Das Thema umfasst zwei Schwerpunkte. Zum Ersten erklare ich die Zusammenhange zur Entstehung von Eskalation. Darauf aufbauend werden Methoden vorgestellt, die Gewalt verhindern. Wie sich die Kinder und Bezugspersonen verhalten um Eskalationen vorzubeugen, erfahrt der Leser im theoretischen Teil, auf den ich zuerst eingehe. Das Verhindern greift auf Methoden zuruck, wie ein strukturierter Tagesablauf und die Bedeutung und Umsetzung von Regeln. Das Ganze rundet das Auftreten der Bezugsperson zum Kind auf. Diese Hintergrunde belege ich grosstenteils mit Fachliteratur der Autoren Haim Omer und Arist von Schlippe. Die Autoren beziehen sich im Wesentlichen auf eine Eltern- Kind- Beziehung, die sich auf andere Personen ubertragen lasst. Ich ersetze in meiner Ausarbeitung Eltern" mit den Worten Betreuer," Bezugsperson" oder Erziehenden." Im zweiten Teil meiner Arbeit greife ich auf meine Erfahrungen des Praktikums in der Wohngruppe zuruck und erlautere an Hand von Fallen die Thematik des Verhinderns von Eskalationen