Military production in Russia has decreased nearly 70 per cent since 1989, and that now-unused industrial capacity has to be redirected to towards market conditions. By the end of 1994, privatization had had only a small effect on defence-enterprise profiles; real conversion is still a rarity. In most cases, these enterprises merely attempt to expand their existing civilian-orientated production, due largely to lack of investment, technological gaps, and inexperience in operating within a free-market system. The product of a continuing research project on conversion in Russia, this book, which includes contributions from Russia, Germany, Sweden and France, presents case studies and theoretical analyses on the conversion process.