Peter McCormick and Karina Cortez were two ordinary teenagers from the sunny city of Phoenix, Arizona. They will soon come to find out that fantasy is based on reality as they face adventures and dangers never imagined, risking their lives trying to bring Peter's niece, Lily, back home. With the help of a fairy godmother and a leprechaun named Riley (whose mouth is bigger than his brain), their quest in this new world called Erden begins abruptly and will turn out to be overflowing with unexpected events. They will learn that faith is not just thinking you can do things, but believing God can handle all things

This groundbreaking book is the first comparative analysis of the relative strengths of global bioregions. Growth Cultures investigates the rapidly growing phenomena of biotechnology and sets this study within a knowledge economy context. Philip Cooke proposes a new knowledge-focused theoretical framework, 'the New Global Bioeconomy', against which to test empirical characteristics of biotechnology. In this timely volume, Cooke unifies concepts from the sociology of science, economic sociology and evolutionary economic geography to focus on the problems and prospects for policy agencies worldwide trying to build 'biotechnology clusters'. He develops a superior policy approach of thinking in terms of platforms that integrate proximities and pipelines, which will be of significant interest for the scientific and technological communities as well as economic development policy communities. Growth Cultures will make fascinating reading for students, policy makers and researchers across management and business studies, innovation and knowledge studies, sociology, science and technology policy, applied economics, development studies and regional science.

"This book adds to this growing body of scholarship on the Italian Resistance by analysing, for the first time, how the 'three wars' are represented over the broad spectrum of Resistance culture from 1945 to the present day. Furthermore, it makes this contribution to scholarship by bridging the gap between historical and cultural analysis. Whereas historians frequently use literary texts in their writings, they are often flawed by an insufficiently nuanced understanding of what a literary text is. Likewise, literary critics who have discussed writers such as Calvino and Vittorini, or films such Pais and La notte di San Lorenzo, only refer in passing to the historical context in which these works were produced. By fusing historical and cultural analysis, author Philip Cooke makes a unique contribution to our understanding of a key period of Italian history and culture"--

Today, economic growth is widely understood to be conditioned by productivity increases which are, in turn, profoundly affected by innovation. This volume explores these key relationships between innovation and growth, bringing together experts from both fields to compile a unique Handbook. The Handbook considers innovation from fresh perspectives, encompassing topics such as services innovation, inward investment and innovation, creative industry innovation and green innovation. It is divided into seven sections, dealing with regional innovation and growth theory, dynamics, evolution, agglomeration, innovation 'worlds', innovation system institutions, and innovation governance and policy. This definitive compendium on regional innovation and growth will undoubtedly appeal to teachers, students, researchers and practitioners of innovation and growth dynamics worldwide. Contributors: M. Abreu, E.S. Andersen, Y. Aoyama, B. Asheim, S. Bagchi-Sen, M. Bellandi, F. Belussi, R. Boschma, N. Bosma, S. Breschi, R. Capello, C. Carrincazeaux, J.L. Christensen, P. Cooke, M. Coris, O. Crevoisier, L. De Propris, A. Eriksson, D. Felsenstein, A. Frenkel, K. Frenken, E. Giuliani, V. Harmaakorpi, M. Heidenreich, R. Horner, S. Iammarino, A. Isaksen, A. James, M. Klofsten, K. Koschatzky, A. Lagendijk, L. Lazzeretti, E. Malecki, R. Martin, H. Melkas, C. Nauwelaers, S. OEberg, P. Prud'homme van Reine, S. Ptak, S. Rosenfeld, V. Schutjens, D. Schwartz, D. Shefer, J. Simmie, E. Stam, M. Steiner, P. Sunley, G. Tichy, F. Toedtling, M. Trippl, T. Tura, E. Vatne, D. Wolfe

This book shows the possibilities and some of the limits of policy efforts made by business and government to bring about the renewal of badly hit regional economies, whose dependence on industries of the earlier phases of industrialization left them vulnerable to deindustrialization.

The development of the information technology (IT) industry in the Asia Pacific region faces two challenges. Firstly, can its established physical, technical, regional and governance infrastructures be adapted to meet the challenges embedded in the set of products and processes created by the IT industry? Secondly, as this adaptation evolves, which cities and regions will be best suited to connect to or lead global responses to these challenges? The chapters in this book have set out to explore these questions, providing details of change in a range of aspects of the IT industry such as mobile phones, software services, and flat screen design in regions in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, India, China and Australia. The book also outlines the policy responses of national and regional governments in Singapore, India and China and India. These case studies provide a basis to understand effective strategies which could be formulated for the future. This book's originality emerges from the fine detail provided about firms, in particular regions and cities, from research carried out by young scholars in the past two years. This makes it very useful for readers keen to understand the recent changes in this dynamic industry in a fast growth part of the world, and it will also help to shape thinking by policy makers on policy settings that can be applied.

This volume redefines the genre of sector studies. The first part of the book compares the experiences of Britain and France in the very voltaile world of high-tech industries during the 1980s. The macroeconomic regulation approach is carried over a microeconomic level in the empirical chapters through an analysis of studies of firms, each chapter written by authors well-placed to give a pan-European perspective.

Turbulence characterises the current global scene. This book uses complementary theoretical approaches to understand and help prescribe policies to 're-frame' the regional development problem in turbulent times. These approaches are: evolutionary complexity; evolutionary economic geography; emergence theory; and resilience theory. From below, they address the four major crises creating a 'perfect storm' for societies and economics involving: the climate change crisis; the energy crisis; the banking and financial crisis; and the global economic crisis. This book analyses and proposes ways in which regional economies, in particular, are having to be 'reframed' to address these crises. First, many must evolve in new ways, possibly moving back from the 'service economy' towards a new, greener form of manufacturing of goods as well as services. Accordingly, regional economies are innovating in new ways. Amongst these are the quest for 'relatedness' within their own regional orbits, and promoting 'modularity' as a mode of analysis and a policy stance to stimulate innovation across industry and geographical borders. Finally, regional economies and societies are discovering that, from a 'resilience' perspective, they must find answers to the higher levels of governance with which they increasingly struggle. In this respect regional economies are in 'transition' and regional processes are 'emergent'. The transition seeks to address the four crises, involving re-balancing, re-directing and re-framing future policy and practice. This book describes many of the novel 'framings' involved in understanding the new ways in which this major task is being addressed in theory, policy and everyday practice.

Leading up to the financial crisis of 2008 and onwards, the shortcomings of traditional models of regional economic and environmental development had become increasingly evident. Rooted in the idea that 'policy' is an encumbrance to free markets, the stress on supply-side smoothing measures such as clusters and an over reliance on venture capital, the inadequacy of existing orthodoxies has come to be replaced by the notion of transversality. This approach has three strong characteristics that differentiate it from its failing predecessor. First, as the name implies, it seeks to finesse horizontal knowledge interactions as well as vertical ones, thus building 'platforms' of industrial interaction. Secondly, it is not a supply, but a demand side model in which needs-driven innovation rather than pure market competition prevails. Finally, it is ongoing through recessionary times, being more robust than over-specialized approaches to economic growth. The intellectual origins of transversality lie in an aspiration to promote eco-innovation, one of the key hopes of assisting Western regional and national economies to re-balance and escape recession. The policy models of key regional exponents of the concept are explored and their goals achievement is assessed. An array of policy instruments and measures is presented for hands-on policy implementation. The book will be of vital interest to academics as teachers and researchers as well as policy advisers and public servants.

Today, the world is in the most serious turmoil it has experienced for many centuries. These multiple crises arise from the fundamental mistreatment by capitalist competition of the carrying capacity of the planet. Even before coronavirus, evidently morbid symptoms of over-development led many spatial planners to write of the threat of a new Dark Age. Many advocated a return to policy decentralisation as the Covid-19 crisis demonstrated once again the failure of 'global controller' mindsets to manage complex systems successfully. Dislocation: Awkward Spatial Transitions is a critical exploration of where spatial development processes and rules have gone wrong across many economies. The chapters lay out which mindsets have been responsible for this and gives pointers to new practices that aim to ameliorate the effects of past failings. In the first nine chapters, a mapping of key elements of the prevailing omni-crisis are summarised. These range from an exegesis of the Anthropocene, the rise of populism, the transition to neoliberalist anti-planning, and migration as planning issues with pleas for evolutionary change in spatial policy and process dynamics. Finally, a group of chapters explores the flailing as territorial governances tried to plot the rise of creative cities, 4.0 era industry and services, and in the built form, the role of 'starchitects' in city renewal. In the last part, attention is devoted to territorial innovation, knowledge recombination, sustainable mobility and, finally, green entrepreneurship, as necessary elements of a post-coronavirus, climate change mitigation and sustainable mobility set of survival strategies. The chapters in this book were originally published in the journal European Planning Studies.

Today, the study of regions is central to academic analysis and policy deliberation on how to respond to the rise of the knowledge economy. Regional Economies as Knowledge Laboratories illustrates how newer types of regional analysis - utilising scientometrics, knowledge services measures and university networks, and concepts such as knowledge life cycles, experimental knowledge creation, and knowledge ethics - are leading to a perception that regional economies increasingly resemble knowledge laboratories. In addition to these measures and concepts, the book features case studies and assessments of policies implemented to facilitate regional engagement with the knowledge economy, and a critique of 'knowledge economy' as ideology. The importance of maintaining a balanced perspective in assessing the depth and reach of the role of knowledge in the market economy is also examined. Aiming to contribute to the better understanding of theories and practices associated with knowledge regions, this book will appeal to a wide ranging audience, including regional and industrial economists, innovation scientists, academics and practitioners with an interest in knowledge and management organisation, regional scientists, economic geographers, and economic sociologists.

The development of the information technology (IT) industry in the Asia Pacific region faces two challenges. Firstly, can its established physical, technical, regional and governance infrastructures be adapted to meet the challenges embedded in the set of products and processes created by the IT industry? Secondly, as this adaptation evolves, which cities and regions will be best suited to connect to or lead global responses to these challenges? The chapters in this book have set out to explore these questions, providing details of change in a range of aspects of the IT industry such as mobile phones, software services, and flat screen design in regions in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, India, China and Australia. The book also outlines the policy responses of national and regional governments in Singapore, India and China and India. These case studies provide a basis to understand effective strategies which could be formulated for the future. This book's originality emerges from the fine detail provided about firms, in particular regions and cities, from research carried out by young scholars in the past two years. This makes it very useful for readers keen to understand the recent changes in this dynamic industry in a fast growth part of the world, and it will also help to shape thinking by policy makers on policy settings that can be applied.

Ending Terrorism in Italy analyses processes of disengagement from terrorism, as well as the connected issues of reconciliation, truth and justice. It examines in a critical and original way how terrorism came to an end in Italy (Part I), and the legacy it has left behind (Part II). The book interrogates a wide array of published memoirs and a considerable number of new face-to-face interviews with both former terrorists and first and second generation victims

In the last two decades, and especially in recent years, former extreme-right terrorists in Italy have started to talk about their past involvement in terrorist violence, including, for the first time, acts of violence which have for decades been considered taboo, that is to say, bomb attacks against innocent civilians. These narratives add to the perspectives offered by members of left-wing terrorist groups, such as the Red Brigades and "Prima Linea." Surprisingly, these narratives have not been systematically examined, yet they form a unique and extremely rich source of first-hand testimony, providing invaluable insights into processes of youth radicalization and de-radicalization, the social re-integration of ex-terrorists, as well as personal and collective healing.

Even less attention has been paid to the victims narratives or stories. Indeed, the views and activities of the victims and their associations have been seriously neglected in the scholarly literature on terrorism, not just in Italy, but elsewhere in Europe. The book therefore examines the perspectives of the victims and relatives of victims of terrorism, who over the years have formed dedicated associations and campaigned relentlessly to obtain justice through the courts, with little or no support from the state and, especially in the case of the bombing massacres, with increasing awareness that the state played a role in thwarting the course of justice."

Ending Terrorism in Italy "will be of interest to historians, social scientists and policy makers as well as students of political violence and post-conflict resolution.

Leading up to the financial crisis of 2008 and onwards, the shortcomings of traditional models of regional economic and environmental development had become increasingly evident. Rooted in the idea that policy is an encumbrance to free markets, the stress on supply-side smoothing measures such as clusters and an over reliance on venture capital, the inadequacy of existing orthodoxies has come to be replaced by the notion of Transversality.

This approach has three strong characteristics that differentiate it from its failing predecessor. First, as the name implies, it seeks to finesse horizontal knowledge interactions as well as vertical ones, thus building platforms of industrial interaction. Secondly, it is not a supply, but a demand side model in which needs-driven innovation rather than pure market competition prevails. Finally, it is ongoing through recessionary times, being more robust than over-specialised approaches to economic growth.

The intellectual origins of Transversality lie in an aspiration to promote eco-innovation, one of the key hopes of assisting Western regional and national economies to re-balance and escape recession. The policy models of key regional exponents of the concept are explored and their goals achievement is assessed. An array of policy instruments and measures is presented for hands-on policy implementation. The book will be of vital interest to academics as teachers and researchers as well as policy advisers and public servants.

This unique book focuses on regional creativity, analysing the different factors that can affect creativity and innovation process within regions in the knowledge economy. Approaching creativity from technological, organizational and regional viewpoints, it attempts to break down the influence of oppositional approaches and take account of multi-level interactions in economy and policy. The variety of papers presented looks at: how regions can be creative and competitive how research and development is outsourced and the scientific knowledge and technology transferred what types of technology based cultural activities can operate the relevant financing and development of knowledge entrepreneurship. Whilst many of these aspects are driven by market forces Creative Regions demonstrates that the regional and national public sectors have a significant role to play and is essential reading on how to generate a competitive advantage for regions in the knowledge economy in the global market.

"Italian Resistance Writing" is a collection of famous and rare archive texts about one of the more controversial periods in modern Italian history. The extracts are from a wide variety of different genres, including novels, memoirs, short stories, historical works and songs. Taking into account the significant changes in approach to, and interpretations of, the resistance movement, that have emerged since the early 1990s, Italian resistance writing includes works by, among others, Claudio Pauone, Italo Calvino, Gian Enrico Rusconi, Renata Vigano and Pietro Scoppola. Cooke places each work in context and stresses the contemporary significance of the Italian resistance. This is a vibrant, multifaceted volume which sheds light on the past while illuminating the present in Italian history, cultural studies and current affairs.

Using international examples, leading scholars present the first critical analysis of cluster theory, assessing the cluster notion and drawing out, not only its undoubted strengths and attractions, but also its weaknesses and limitations.

Over the past decade the a ~cluster modela (TM) has been seized on as a tool for promoting competitiveness, innovation and growth on local, regional and national scales. However, despite its popularity there is much about it that is problematic, and in some respects the rush to employ a ~cluster ideasa (TM) has run ahead of many fundamental conceptual, theoretical and empirical questions.

Addressing key questions on the nature, use and effectiveness of cluster models, Clusters and Regional Development provides the missing thorough theoretical and empirical evaluation.

International contributors provide the first examination of the growing subject of regional knowledge-economy development. Illustrated by data and 'stylized' accounts, the international contributors chart the evolution of knowledge economies, questioning the way in which they work and criticize accepted theories and inform how places can cope in the knowledge economy. Based in concept on Cooke's Knowledge Economies (Routledge, 2002), Regional Development in the Knowledge Economy is a well-grounded work exploring this increasingly important theme with relevance to innovation systems and related economic development literature.

This book analyses the economic development of cities from the 'cultural economy' and 'creative industry' perspectives, examining and differentiating them as two related but distinct segments of contemporary city economies. The authors argue that although they are normally conflated, the first is largely subsidized while the second is highly entrepreneurial hence they actually make very different kinds of contribution to a city's character, attractiveness and competitiveness. Creative Cities, Cultural Clusters and Local Economic Development also examines the nature of agglomeration economies, drawing on evidence from two types of clustering activity based in the cultural economy. The first type is exemplified in the chapter analysing the long-established Florentine art restoration cluster beside the Arno that exports its services globally to other art cities such as Kyoto. The second type is denoted by creative industry clusters such as new media, film-making and music in a variety of city contexts. The book concludes with an invaluable review and mapping of these developments in relation to their contributions to the city economies, labour markets and societies in which they operate. The book will appeal to academics and scholars of urban and regional studies and cultural economics. Policymakers and others involved in the creative industries and the cultural economy will also find much to engage them.

This unique book focuses on regional creativity, analysing the different factors that can affect creativity and innovation process within regions in the knowledge economy. Approaching creativity from technological, organizational and regional viewpoints, it attempts to break down the influence of oppositional approaches and take account of multi-level interactions in economy and policy. The variety of papers presented looks at: how regions can be creative and competitive how research and development is outsourced and the scientific knowledge and technology transferred what types of technology based cultural activities can operate the relevant financing and development of knowledge entrepreneurship. Whilst many of these aspects are driven by market forces Creative Regions demonstrates that the regional and national public sectors have a significant role to play and is essential reading on how to generate a competitive advantage for regions in the knowledge economy in the global market.

Using international examples, leading scholars present the first critical analysis of cluster theory, assessing the cluster notion and drawing out, not only its undoubted strengths and attractions, but also its weaknesses and limitations.

Over the past decade the a ~cluster modela (TM) has been seized on as a tool for promoting competitiveness, innovation and growth on local, regional and national scales. However, despite its popularity there is much about it that is problematic, and in some respects the rush to employ a ~cluster ideasa (TM) has run ahead of many fundamental conceptual, theoretical and empirical questions.

Addressing key questions on the nature, use and effectiveness of cluster models, Clusters and Regional Development provides the missing thorough theoretical and empirical evaluation.

Contents:
Part 1. Introduction 1. Evolution of Regional Innovation Systems - Emergence, Theory, Challenge for Action. Part 2. Informal and Market-Driven Coordination: Grassroots Between Local and Global Reach 2. The Remarkable Resilience of the Industrial Districts of Tuscany 3. South-East Brabant: A Regional Innovation System in Transition 4. The Catalan Regional System of Innovation: Governing Fast Changes 5. The Regional Innovation System in Ontario 6. From Silicon Valley to Hollywood: Growth and Development of the Multimedia Industry in California. Part 3. Network-Like Governances: Driving Forces, Modes of Cohesion, and Means of Regional Polity 7. The Regionalization of the Finnish Innovation System: Pirkanmaa as a Case in Point 8. Learning in the Village Economy of Denmark: The Role of Institutions and Policy in Sustaining Competitiveness 9. The Production and Innovation Regime of Baden-Württemberg: Between Past Successes and New Challenges 10. Global Clustering and Regional Innovation: Systemic Integration in Wales 11. Industrial Clusters and the Governance of Change: Lessons from North-Rhine Westfalia (NRW). Part 4. The Leviathan Approach: Steering Innovation and Growth in Interregional Contexts by the State 12. Regional Innovation Systems in Japan: The Case of Tohoku 13. Do Regions Make a Difference? The Case of Science and Technology Policies in Québec 14. Regional Innovation Systems and Global Markets: The Midi-Pyrénées Benchmark 15. Innovative Milieu and Cooperative Networks: State Initiatives and Partnership for Restructuring in Singapore. Part 5. Conclusion -- Perspectives
Governance Structures -- Persistency of Collective Orders and the Challenge of Local Learning in a Globalized World. Index.

Contents:
Part 1. Introduction 1. Evolution of Regional Innovation Systems - Emergence, Theory, Challenge for Action. Part 2. Informal and Market-Driven Coordination: Grassroots Between Local and Global Reach 2. The Remarkable Resilience of the Industrial Districts of Tuscany 3. South-East Brabant: A Regional Innovation System in Transition 4. The Catalan Regional System of Innovation: Governing Fast Changes 5. The Regional Innovation System in Ontario 6. From Silicon Valley to Hollywood: Growth and Development of the Multimedia Industry in California. Part 3. Network-Like Governances: Driving Forces, Modes of Cohesion, and Means of Regional Polity 7. The Regionalization of the Finnish Innovation System: Pirkanmaa as a Case in Point 8. Learning in the Village Economy of Denmark: The Role of Institutions and Policy in Sustaining Competitiveness 9. The Production and Innovation Regime of Baden-Württemberg: Between Past Successes and New Challenges 10. Global Clustering and Regional Innovation: Systemic Integration in Wales 11. Industrial Clusters and the Governance of Change: Lessons from North-Rhine Westfalia (NRW). Part 4. The Leviathan Approach: Steering Innovation and Growth in Interregional Contexts by the State 12. Regional Innovation Systems in Japan: The Case of Tohoku 13. Do Regions Make a Difference? The Case of Science and Technology Policies in Québec 14. Regional Innovation Systems and Global Markets: The Midi-Pyrénées Benchmark 15. Innovative Milieu and Cooperative Networks: State Initiatives and Partnership for Restructuring in Singapore. Part 5. Conclusion -- Perspectives
Governance Structures -- Persistency of Collective Orders and the Challenge of Local Learning in a Globalized World. Index.

Citizenship is a central concept in political philosophy, bridging theory and practice and marking out those who belong and who share a common civic status. The injustices suffered by immigrants, disabled people, the economically inactive and others have been extensively catalogued, but their disadvantages have generally been conceptualised in social and/or economic terms, less commonly in terms of their status as members of the polity and hardly ever together, as a group. This volume seeks to investigate the partial citizenship which these groups share and in doing so to reflect upon civic marginalisation as a distinct kind of normative wrong. For example, it is not often considered that children, though their lack of civic and political rights are marginal citizens and thus have something in common with other marginalised groups. Each of the book's chapters explores some theoretical or practical aspect of marginal citizenship, and the volume as a whole engages with pressing debates in law and political theory, such as the limits of democratic inclusion, the character of social justice, the integration of migrants, and the enfranchisement of prisoners and children. This book was published as a special issue of the Critical Review of Social and Political Philosophy.

This book traces the theoretical explanation for clusters back to the work of classical economists and their more modern disciples, who saw economic development as a process involving serious imbalances in the exploitation of resources. Initially, natural resource endowments explained the formation of nineteenth and early twentieth-century industrial districts. Today, geographical concentrations of scientific and creative knowledge are the key resource. But these require a support system, ranging from major injections of basic research funding, to varieties of financial investment and management, tothe provision of specialist incubators, for economic value to be realised. These are also specialised forms of knowledge that contribute to a serious imbalance in the distribution of economic opportunity.

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