Computation, itself a form of calculation, incorporates steps that include arithmetical and non-arithmetical (logical) steps following a specific set of rules (an algorithm). This uniquely accessible textbook introduces students using a very distinctive approach, quite rapidly leading them into essential topics with sufficient depth, yet in a highly intuitive manner. From core elements like sets, types, Venn diagrams and logic, to patterns of reasoning, calculus, recursion and expression trees, the book spans the breadth of key concepts and methods that will enable students to readily progress with their studies in Computer Science.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Functional and Logic Programming, FLOPS 2006, held in Fuji-Susono, Japan, in April 2006. The 17 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 51 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on data types, FP extensions, type theory, LP extensions, analysis, contracts, as well as Web and GUI.

The Fifth International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative L- guages (PADL 2003) was held in New Orleans on 13-14 January 2003. It was colocatedwiththe30thAnnualACMSymposiumonPrinciplesofProgramming Languages(POPL2003). We received 57 submissions, a record for PADL. One of the strengths of PADL is that it draws papers from both sides of the declarative divide, from boththefunctionalandlogicprogrammingcommunities.Ofthe57submissions, 25werefunctionaland32werelogical, withsomenotableoverlaps. The program committee was divided on the approach to take to the con- rence.Thosefromthelogicprogrammingcommunitypreferredtohaveparallel sessionsinordertoacceptmorepapers, thosefromthefunctionalprogramming communitypreferredtoavoidparallelsessionsthoughitmeantacceptingfewer papers. We decided to ?nd strength in diversity, and experiment with taking both paths. We accepted 8 papers on functional programming, each presented initsownslot, and15papersonlogicprogramming,10ofwhicharepresentedin parallelsessions.Wefeltthatpapersfrombothcommunitieswerecomparablein quality.Theratioof4hoursoffunctionaltalksto5hoursoflogictalksmatches theratioofsubmissions. WhilemostpaperssubmittedtoPADLaretraditionalresearchpapers, some weresubmittedasApplicationLettersorDeclarativePearls.Traditionalpapers maybejudgedonwhethertheypresentacrispnewresearchresult;Application Lettersmaybejudgedaccordingtotheinterestintheapplicationandthenovel useofdeclarativelanguages;andDeclarativePearlsmaybejudgedaccordingto theeleganceofthedevelopmentandtheclarityoftheexpression. This year PADL instituted a "Most Practical" paper award, for the paper that best exempli?ed the goals of PADL. The award went to "Data mining the yeast genome in a lazy functional language," Amanda Clare and Ross D. King, UniversityofWales, Aberystwyth, whichdescribesareal-wordapplication runningonmultiprocessors, drawingontechniquesfromboththefunctionaland logicprogrammingcommunities. Special thanks are due: to Shriram Krishnamurthi, Dave Tucker, and Paul Graunke of Brown University, for running the website of the PADL submission andreviewprocess(seeKrishnamurthi'sinvitedtalkinthisvolume);toMartina SharpofAvayaLabsandKimberlyVollofSimonFraserUniversity, forhelpwith preparingthisvolume;andtoGopalGuptaoftheUniversityofTexasatDallas, for serving as general chair. We thank Avaya Labs, Brown University, Simon FraserUniversity, Universit edeProvence, andtheUniversityofTexasatDallas fortheirsupport. Ourthankstotheprogramcommitteemembersandrefereesfortheirrev- wingandfortheiradvice.Finally, ourthankstoallthosewhosubmittedpapers toorparticipatedinPADL2003."

Java Generics and Collections has been the go-to guide to generics for more than a decade. This second edition covers Java 21, providing a clear guide to generics from their most common uses to the strangest corner cases, giving you everything you need to know to use and write generic APIs effectively. It covers the collections library thoroughly, so you'll always know how and when to use each collection for any given task. And it explains stream processing, so you'll know which model to use and how they interoperate to get the best out of the platform library. This indispensable guide covers: Fundamentals of generics: type parameters and generic methods Subtyping and wildcards Generics and reflection Design patterns for generics Sets, queues, lists, maps, and their implementations Concurrent programming and thread safety with collections Performance of different collection implementations Best practices for using and extending the Java collections framework Design philosophy and comparison with other collections libraries

The Glasgow functional programming group has held a workshop each summer since 1988. The entire group, accompanied by a selection of colleagues from other institutions, retreats to a pleasant Scottish location for a few days. Everyone speaks briefly, enhancing coherence, cross fertilisation, and camaraderie in our work. The proceedings of the first workshop were published as a technical report. Demand for this was large enough to encourage wider publication, and subsequent proceedings have been published in the Springer-Verlag Workshops in Computing series. These are the proceedings of the-meeting held 12-14 August 1991, in Portree on the Isle of Skye. A preliminary proceedings was prepared in advance of the meeting. Most presentations were limited to a brief fifteen minutes, outlining the essentials of their subject, and referring the audience to the pre-print proceedings for details. Papers were then refereed and rewritten, and you hold the final results in your hands. A number of themes emerged at this year's workshop, including relational algebra and its application to hardware design, partial evaluation and program transformation, implementation techniques, and strictness analysis. We were especially pleased to see applications of functional programming emerge as a theme. One of the sessions was devoted to a lively discussion of applications, and was greatly enhanced by our industrial participants. The workshop was organised by Kei Davis, Cordelia Hall, Rogardt Heldal, Carsten Kehler Holst, John Hughes, John O'Donnell, and Satnam Singh all from the University of Glasgow."