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Whether invented, discovered, implicit, or directly addressed,
relations remain the main focus of most anthropological inquiries.
These relations, once conceptualized in ethnographic fieldwork as
self-evident connections between discrete social units, have been
increasingly explored through local ontological theories. This
collected volume explores how ethnographies of indigenous South
America have helped to inspire this analytic shift, demonstrating
the continued importance of ethnographic diversity. Most
importantly, this volume asserts that comparative ethnographic
research can help illustrate complex questions surrounding
relations vis-a-vis the homogenizing effects of modern coloniality.
Whether invented, discovered, implicit, or directly addressed,
relations remain the main focus of most anthropological inquiries.
These relations, once conceptualized in ethnographic fieldwork as
self-evident connections between discrete social units, have been
increasingly explored through local ontological theories. This
collected volume explores how ethnographies of indigenous South
America have helped to inspire this analytic shift, demonstrating
the continued importance of ethnographic diversity. Most
importantly, this volume asserts that comparative ethnographic
research can help illustrate complex questions surrounding
relations vis-a-vis the homogenizing effects of modern coloniality.
In 1990, when Augusto Pinochet's 17-year military dictatorship
ended, democratic rule returned to Chile. Since then, Indigenous
organizations have mobilized to demand restitution of their
ancestral territories seized over the past 150 years. Sentient
Lands is a historically grounded ethnography of the Mapuche
people's engagement with state-run reconciliation and
land-restitution efforts. Piergiorgio Di Giminiani analyzes
environmental relations, property, state power, market forces, and
indigeneity to illustrate how land connections are articulated,
both in landscape experiences and in land claims. Rather than
viewing land claims as simply bureaucratic procedures imposed on
local understandings and experiences of land connections, Di
Giminiani reveals these processes to be disputed practices of world
making. Ancestral land formation is put in motion by the entangled
principles of Indigenous and legal land ontologies, two very
different and sometimes conflicting processes. Indigenous land
ontologies are based on a relation between two subjects-land and
people-both endowed with sentient abilities. By contrast, legal
land ontologies are founded on the principles of property theory,
wherein land is an object of possession that can be standardized
within a regime of value. Governments also use land claims to
domesticate Indigenous geographies into spatial constructs
consistent with political and market configurations. Exploring the
unexpected effects on political activism and state reparation
policies caused by this entanglement of legal and Indigenous land
ontologies, Di Giminiani offers a new analytical angle on
Indigenous land politics.
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