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The book will cover a wide range of subjects related to rare earth
elements, including the sources, detection and applications of rare
earths, environmental and ecological issues related to rare earths,
recovery of rare earths using physical, chemical and biological
methods, recovery of rare earths from waste resources, conversion
of rare earths to nano-particles and their applications. It is
intended or all levels of teaching and research from senior
undergraduate to higher levels and to those who are working on
metal/metalloids more particularly focused on rare earth elements
from a science, engineering, health and environmental perspective.
The prevention of over-exploitation and the efficient use of
natural resources are key goals of environmental managment in
Industry. Waste Gas Treatment for Resource Recovery presents the
reader with technical, ecological and economical aspects of gaseous
effluent treatment and resource recovery. Practical experience from
industry and agriculture is presented, the role of newly developed
advanced technology in future recycling of gas streams discussed
and attention given to criteria for sustainability in gas
treatment. Detailed analysis of material flows, novel process
applications and bioreactor designs, odour quantification and
removal process techniques and European legislations for waste gas
discharge and recovery are highlights of the extensive and
comprehensive coverage of this book. Waste Gas Treatment for
Resource Recovery will enable production, process and environmental
engineers and managers to evaluate internal recycling
possibilities, which contribute to an economically and
environmentally friendly manufacturing processes with reduced
pollution loads and waste gas volumes. . Analysis of material
flows, e.g. the development of methodologies and techniques to
monitor the use and flow of materials on a life cycle basis .Novel
process applications and bioreactor designs for resource recovery
from waste gases . Odour quantification techniques and novel odour
removal processes . European dimension of polluted gas streams and
the European legislation for waste gas discharges and recovery
The rapid development of nanoscience enables a technology
revolution that will soon impact virtually every facet of the water
sector. Yet, there is still too little understanding of what
nanoscience and nanotechnology is, what can it do and whether to
fear it or not, even among the educated public as well as
scientists and engineers from other disciplines. Despite the
numerous books and textbooks available on the subject, there is a
gap in the literature that bridges the space between the synthesis
(conventional and more greener methods) and use (applications in
the drinking water production, wastewater treatment and
environmental remediation fields) of nanotechnology on the one hand
and its potential environmental implications (fate and transport of
nanomaterials, toxicity, Life Cycle Assessments) on the other.
Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment explores these
topics with a broad-based multidisciplinary scope and can be used
by engineers and scientists outside the field and by students at
both undergraduate and post graduate level.
Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of
remediative technologies currently available to minimise their
impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in
situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection,
phytoremediation) and ex situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment,
soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological,
process technological and socio-economical aspects of these
technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to
novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle
conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also
the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition,
treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g.
harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated.
The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader
in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new
techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes,
microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with
organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals)
pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and
technologies available in environmental engineering novel process
applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact
of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
The increasing demand for energy and the related environmental
concerns are the main drivers for the strong interest in Biomass
Fermentation towards usage in Fuel Cells. The integration of
Biomass Fermentation (BF) and Fuel Cells (FC) technology creates a
new and interdisciplinary research area. Due to their high
efficiency Fuel Cells are therefore considered as a strategic
technology for future energy supply systems. The fact that biomass
is a renewable source of energy in combination with the most
efficient energy conversion system (FC) makes this combination
unique and advantageous. This book has a clear orientation towards
making products of our waste. Biofuels for Fuel Cells comes at a
time when this field is rapidly developing and there is a need for
a synthetising book. The holistic and multidisciplinary description
of this topic, including discussion of technological,
socio-economic, system analysis and policy and regulatory aspects,
make this book the definitive work for this market. Biofuels for
Fuel Cells will cross-link scientists of all fields concerned with
Biomass Fermentation, Fuel Upgrading and Fuel Cells at European and
World level.
Uncontrolled spreading of waste materials leads to health problems
and environmental damage. To prevent these problems a waste
management infrastructure has been set to collect and dispose of
the waste, based on a hierarchy of three principles: waste
prevention, recycling/reuse, and final disposal. Final disposal is
the least desirable as it causes massive emissions, to the
atmosphere, water bodies and the subsoil. The emission of methane
to the atmosphere is an important source of greenhouse gasses.
Organic waste therefore gets a lot of attention in waste
management, which for Europe can be illustrated by the issue of the
Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) and the Sewage Sludge Directive
(86/278/EEC). Proper treatment of organic waste may however turn
this burden into an asset. In particular, biological treatment may
help in developing more effective resource management and
sustainable development. The following advantages may be listed:
The greenhouse effect is tackled as methane emissions from
landfilling are prevented Soil quality can be restored or enhanced
by the use of compost in agriculture Compost may replace peat in
horticulture and home gardening, reducing greenhouse emissions and
wetland exploitation Anaerobic digestion has the additional benefit
of producing biogas that may be used as a fuel Pesticide use can be
reduced by proper use of the disease suppressive properties of
compost Resource Recovery and Reuse in Organic Solid Waste
Management disseminates at advanced scientific level the potential
of environmental biotechnology for the recovery and reuse of
products from solid waste. Several options to recover energy out of
organic solid waste from domestic, agricultural and industrial
origin are presented and discussed and existing economically
feasible treatment systems that produce energy out of solid waste
and recover useful by-products in the form of fertiliser or soil
conditioner are demonstrated. The potential of environmental
biotechnology is highlighted from different perspectives: societal,
technological and practical.
Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulfur Pollution: Principles
and Engineering provides a definitive and detailed discussion of
state-of-the-art environmental technologies to treat pollution by
sulfurous compounds of wastewater, off-gases, solid waste, soils
and sediments. Special attention is given to novel bioremediation
techniques that have been developed over the last 10 years.
Information density is unique owing to the many figures and graphs
(150), tables (over 80) and over 1500 cited literature references.
A detailed subject index helps the reader to find their way through
the different technological applications, making it the perfect
reference work for professionals and consultants dealing with
sulfur-related environmental (bio)-technologies. Contents Part I -
The sulfur cycle Part II - Technologies to Desulfurise Resources
Part III - Treatment of Waters Polluted by Sulfurous Compounds Part
IV - Treatment of Gases Polluted by Sulfurous Compounds Part V -
Treatment of Soils and Sediments Polluted by Sulfurous Compounds
Part VI - Other Applications of Sulfur Cycle: Bioconversions in
Environmental Engineering Part VII - Problems Related to Sulfur
Cycle: Bioconversions
Energy and feedstock materials for the chemical industry show an
increasing demand. With constraints related to availability and use
of oil, the energy and chemical industry is subject to considerable
changes. The need for the use of cheaper and widely available
feedstocks, and the development of sustainable and environmentally
friendly chemical processes is growing rapidly under both
economical and public pressure. Therefore, waste gas treatment has
gradually been integrated into the process design. Instead of
discharging their waste gases into the atmosphere, industries
increasingly attempt to become self-sufficient and recover
compounds from their own wastestreams or use (upgraded)
wastestreams of neighbouring industries as raw material. The
proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Biotechniques for
Air Pollution Control, held on 28-30 September 2009 in Delft, the
Netherlands, give an overview of innovative biotechnology based
processes for treatment of waste gasses. Various innovative
research aspects of environmental chemistry, environmental
engineering, and bioprocess technology are discussed.
Selenium contamination of air, aquatic environments, soils and
sediments is a serious environmental concern of increasing
importance. Selenium has a paradoxical feature in bringing about
health benefits under the prescribed level, but only a few fold
increase in its concentration causes deleterious effects to flora
and fauna, humans and the environment. Environmental Technologies
to Treat Selenium Pollution: principles and engineering: - presents
the fundamentals of the biogeochemical selenium cycle and which
imbalances in this cycle result in pollution. - overviews chemical
and biological technologies for successful treatment of selenium
contaminated water, air, soils and sediments. - explores the
recovery of value-added products from selenium laden waste streams,
including biofortication and selenium based nanoparticles and
quantum dots. This book may serve both as an advanced textbook for
undergraduate and graduate students majoring in environmental
sciences, technology or engineering as well as a handbook for
tertiary educators, researchers, professionals and policy makers
who conduct research and practices in selenium related fields. It
is essential reading for consulting companies when dealing with
selenium related environmental (bio)technologies.
This second edition is fully updated with new material to create a
comprehensive and accessible reference book: New chapters on sulfur
removal via bioelectrochemical systems, use of sulfate radicals in
advanced oxidation processes and sulfur nanoparticle biosynthesis.
New sections on: sulfur cycle chemistry and microbiology; sulfate
removal vs. recovery of resources from sulfate-rich wastewaters;
microaeration for biogas desulfurisation; biological treatment of
gypsum and sulfur-rich solid waste; up-to-date process control for
treatment of sulfur-rich waste streams. New case studies with
emphasis on practices for sewer and steel corrosion control, odour
mitigation, autotrophic denitrification and bioremediation of acid
mine polluted sites in both developed and developing countries have
been included. Novel concepts of environmental technologies to
treat sulfur pollution of wastewater, off-gases, solid waste, soils
and sediments are presented. Up-to-date research findings and
innovative technologies for recovering resources, i.e. metals,
fertiliser, biofuels and irrigation water, from sulfur polluted
waste are provided. This book may serve both as an advanced
textbook for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in
environmental sciences, technology or engineering as well as a
handbook for tertiary educators, researchers, professionals and
policymakers who conduct research and practices in the sulfur
related fields. It is essential reading for consulting companies
when dealing with sulfur related environmental (bio)technologies.
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