In aquatic ecosystems, the oligochaetes are often a major component of the community. Their relevance in sediment quality assessment is largely related to their benthic and detritivorous life habit. In this book, we aim to present the state of the art of Pollution Biology using oligochaete worms in laboratory and field studies. Future research will require the combination of a variety of methodological approaches and the integration of the resulting information, avoiding fragmented and often conflicting visions of the relationships of the species with their environment. Current approaches to ecotoxicology and bioaccumulation using ecological risk assessment provide the opportunity to relate community studies with probability of effects. This book addresses three main themes: Ecological and Field Studies using the composition and structure of oligochaete communities, Toxicology and Laboratory Studies, and Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer Studies. Two appendices list values of toxicological parameters (LC50, EC50) and several bioaccumulation variables (bioaccumulation factors, biological half-life, toxicokinetic coefficients, and critical body residues) for different oligochaete species. Additional information is provided on Methodological Issues and on the Taxonomy of several oligochaete families, with information on the most recent taxonomic debates. Each chapter includes a critical view, based on the authors' experience, of a number of current issues which have been raised in the literature.

In aquatic ecosystems, the oligochaetes are often a major component of the community. Their relevance in sediment quality assessment is largely related to their benthic and detritivorous life habit. In this book, we aim to present the state of the art of Pollution Biology using oligochaete worms in laboratory and field studies. Future research will require the combination of a variety of methodological approaches and the integration of the resulting information, avoiding fragmented and often conflicting visions of the relationships of the species with their environment. Current approaches to ecotoxicology and bioaccumulation using ecological risk assessment provide the opportunity to relate community studies with probability of effects. This book addresses three main themes: Ecological and Field Studies using the composition and structure of oligochaete communities, Toxicology and Laboratory Studies, and Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer Studies. Two appendices list values of toxicological parameters (LC50, EC50) and several bioaccumulation variables (bioaccumulation factors, biological half-life, toxicokinetic coefficients, and critical body residues) for different oligochaete species. Additional information is provided on Methodological Issues and on the Taxonomy of several oligochaete families, with information on the most recent taxonomic debates. Each chapter includes a critical view, based on the authors experience, of a number of current issues which have been raised in the literature.

This book aims to contribute to the discussion about the implications of fuzzy logic, neural networks, digital era, and other intelligent techniques on organizations. This book will be very useful for academic researchers and postgraduate students aiming to introduce themselves to the field of quantitative techniques for overcoming uncertain environments and developing models to make decisions. Developments in other theories and socioeconomic and computational changes have shed light on the importance of fuzzy applications in social sciences. The treatment of uncertainty in the economic and business analysis is fundamental and requires instruments compatible with the uncertain environment of economics and business, because most of the traditional models have been overtaken by this reality when trying to make decisions with uncertain information. In the face of information technology, digitization, and uncertainty, organizations confront new opportunities and challenges. In order to take advantage of these opportunities and overcome current and future challenges, it is needed to understand the evolution of these phenomenon.

This book contains 26 contributions dealing with the biology of aquatic oligochaetes and covers a wide range of topics including taxonomy, morphology, ultrastructure, embryology, reproduction, feeding biology, ecotoxicity, community studies, and species distribution. Descriptions of new taxa in tropical areas, including Amazonian forest soils, as well as overviews on the biodiversity of aquatic oligochaetes in Australia and European groundwaters, are presented. New morphological characteristics in both marine and freshwater species are described and interpreted. Laboratory studies contribute to the knowledge of oligochaete feeding biology and reproduction. The use of aquatic oligochaetes in ecological risk assessment is analysed in detail, and standardised experimental designs for studies on bioaccumulation and pollutant transfer by food are included. Finally, a number of papers present the effects of oliogochaetes on the performance of an activated sludge plant, and multivariate approaches to the spatial and/or temporal distribution and composition of oligochaete communities in many different areas of the world, from the scale of a river to the scale of the microhabitat. The broad scope of this volume is a reflection of recent rends, not only in oligochaete research, but also in general applied biological studies.

Through the analysis of six Spanish novels, one for each decade from the 1940s through the 1990s, Rodrguez proposes a new concept of the novel of feminine development and emphasizes the importance of the voicing of women's sentiments, passions, desires, and opinions that have not been expressed before in the literature of Spain. The study begins with Nada by Carmen Laforet, and continues with La playa de los locos, by Elena Soriano, La placa del Diamant, by Merc Rodoreda, two stories from Te dejo el mar, by Carme Riera, Los perros de Hcate, by Carmen Gmez Ojea, and Efectos secundarios by Luisa Etxenike. In these texts, "la mujer espaola" of the Franco period's official discourse-woman as wife and mother as the most desirable possibilities of realization and development-is deconstructed into a multitude of vital, affective, and sexual options that confront this domestic image. These novels highlight the diversity of the feminine experience in the twentieth century and encourage us to question models of development that are monolithic and dogmatic.

Affective Landscapes: Representation of Terrorism and Violence by Basque Female Authors draws from contemporary social and cultural theory of affect to analyze the Basque Country's political violence since the birth of the terrorist organization E.T.A. The study focuses on how this violence has been represented in contemporary works of literature and cinema authored by women and examines the alternative means these authors use to examine political violence from a gendered perspective. The artistic works analyzed in this volume highlight the connection between violence and the production of specific affective states; these authors' stories illustrate the pernicious effects that violence has for human relationality and social bonds. As such, the study provides new readings of seminal works authored by Basque women during this period of violence and, in doing so, it renders a much-needed contribution to the place that their artistic productions have in providing a novel understanding of the Basque political reality. The study presents a groundbreaking analysis to understand the centrality of affect as a unique prism to approach violent contexts, to present different affirmations of the "political," and to bring to light social dynamics otherwise unnoticed.

Analisis de la propaganda en el bando franquista durante la Guerra Civil espanola

Para desarrollar el trabajo de la postura en Educacion Fisica el profesor puede trabajar diferentes contenidos como la higiene postural, el conocimiento sobre la columna vertebral y sus patologias, la toma de conciencia y percepcion pelvica, el desarrollo de la flexibilidad mediante los estiramientos y el fortalecimiento de la musculatura del tronco. Como primer paso para el desarrollo y puesta en practica de la higiene postural en Educacion Fisica, sera necesario que el escolar conozca cuales son las posturas correctas e incorrectas que puede adoptar en las diferentes posiciones de su vida cotidiana, condicionando el desarrollo correcto de su columna vertebral y la aparicion del dolor de espalda. La lectura de "El trabajo de la Postura en Educacion Fisica: La opinion del docente" motiva a los docentes de Educacion Fisica y profesionales de la Salud para poder instaurar programas de mejora de la actitud postural y el alumno sea capaz de percibir sus propios habitos y adquirir conocimientos de las desalineaciones del raquis y de su postura."