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There are a large number of books available on fuel cells; however,
the majority are on specific types of fuel cells such as solid
oxide fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, or on
specific technical aspects of fuel cells, e.g., the system or stack
engineering. Thus, there is a need for a book focused on materials
requirements in fuel cells. Key Materials in Low-Temperature Fuel
Cells is a concise source of the most important and key materials
and catalysts in low-temperature fuel cells. A related book will
cover key materials in high-temperature fuel cells. The two books
form part of the "Materials for Sustainable Energy &
Development" series.
Key Materials in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells brings together world
leaders and experts in this field and provides a lucid description
of the materials assessment of fuel cell technologies. With an
emphasis on the technical development and applications of key
materials in low-temperature fuel cells, this text covers
fundamental principles, advancement, challenges, and important
current research themes. Topics covered include: proton exchange
membrane fuel cells, direct methanol and ethanol fuel cells,
microfluidic fuel cells, biofuel cells, alkaline membrane fuel
cells, functionalized carbon nanotubes as catalyst supports,
nanostructured Pt catalysts, non-PGM catalysts, membranes, and
materials modeling.
This book is an essential reference source for researchers,
engineers and technicians in academia, research institutes and
industry working in the fields of fuel cells, energy materials,
electrochemistry and materials science and engineering.
Innovation through specific and rational design and
functionalization has led to the development of a wide range of
mesoporous materials with varying morphologies (hexagonal, cubic,
rod-like), structures (silicates, carbons, metal oxides), and
unique functionalities (doping, acid functionalization) that
currently makes this field one of the most exciting in materials
science and energy applications. This book focuses primarily on the
rapid progress in their application in energy conversion and
storage technologies, including supercapacitor, Li-ion battery,
fuel cells, solar cells, and photocatalysis (water splitting) and
will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field
Boasting chapters written by leading international experts,
Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells provides an
overview of the progress that has been made so far in the material
and catalyst development for fuel cells. The book covers the most
recent developments detailing all aspects of synthesis,
characterization, and performance. It offers an overview on the
principles, classifications, and types of fuels used in fuel cells,
and discusses the critical properties, design, and advances made in
various sealing materials. It provides an extensive review on the
design, configuration, fabrication, modeling, materials, and stack
performance of -SOFC technology, and addresses the advancement and
challenges in the synthesis, characterization, and fundamental
understanding of the catalytic activity of nitrogen-carbon, carbon,
and noncarbon-based electro catalysts for PEM fuel cells. The
authors explore the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique,
summarize the advancements in the fundamental understanding of the
most successful Nafion membranes, and focus on the development of
alternative and composite membranes for direct alcohol fuel cells
(DAFCs). They also review current challenges and consider future
development in the industry. Includes 17 chapters, 262 figures, and
close to 2000 references Provides an extensive review of the
carbon, nitrogen-carbon, and noncarbon-based electro catalysts for
fuel cells Presents an update on the latest materials development
in conventional fuel cells and emerging fuel cells This text is a
single-source reference on the latest advances in the
nano-structured materials and electro catalysts for fuel cells, the
most efficient and emerging energy conversion technologies for the
twenty-first century. It serves as a valuable resource for
students, materials engineers, and researchers interested in fuel
cell technology.
Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies covers
the development of advanced materials and technologies for
electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The book was created
by participants of the International Conference on Electrochemical
Materials and Technologies for Clean Sustainable Energy (ICES-2013)
held in Guangzhou, China, and incorporates select papers presented
at the conference. More than 300 attendees from across the globe
participated in ICES-2013 and gave presentations in six major
themes: Fuel cells and hydrogen energy Lithium batteries and
advanced secondary batteries Green energy for a clean environment
Photo-Electrocatalysis Supercapacitors Electrochemical clean energy
applications and markets Comprised of eight sections, this book
includes 25 chapters featuring highlights from the conference and
covering every facet of synthesis, characterization, and
performance evaluation of the advanced materials for
electrochemical energy. It thoroughly describes electrochemical
energy conversion and storage technologies such as batteries, fuel
cells, supercapacitors, hydrogen generation, and their associated
materials. The book contains a number of topics that include
electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and
manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms. It also addresses
challenges related to cost and performance, provides varying
perspectives, and emphasizes existing and emerging solutions. The
result of a conference encouraging enhanced research collaboration
among members of the electrochemical energy community,
Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies is
dedicated to the development of advanced materials and technologies
for electrochemical energy conversion and storage and details the
technologies, current achievements, and future directions in the
field.
Significant progress has been made on nonlinear control systems in
the past two decades. However, many of the existing nonlinear
control methods cannot be readily used to cope with communication
and networking issues without nontrivial modifications. For
example, small quantization errors may cause the performance of a
"well-designed" nonlinear control system to deteriorate. Motivated
by the need for new tools to solve complex problems resulting from
smart power grids, biological processes, distributed computing
networks, transportation networks, robotic systems, and other
cutting-edge control applications, Nonlinear Control of Dynamic
Networks tackles newly arising theoretical and real-world
challenges for stability analysis and control design, including
nonlinearity, dimensionality, uncertainty, and information
constraints as well as behaviors stemming from quantization,
data-sampling, and impulses. Delivering a systematic review of the
nonlinear small-gain theorems, the text: Supplies novel
cyclic-small-gain theorems for large-scale nonlinear dynamic
networks Offers a cyclic-small-gain framework for nonlinear control
with static or dynamic quantization Contains a combination of
cyclic-small-gain and set-valued map designs for robust control of
nonlinear uncertain systems subject to sensor noise Presents a
cyclic-small-gain result in directed graphs and distributed control
of nonlinear multi-agent systems with fixed or dynamically changing
topology Based on the authors' recent research, Nonlinear Control
of Dynamic Networks provides a unified framework for robust,
quantized, and distributed control under information constraints.
Suggesting avenues for further exploration, the book encourages
readers to take into consideration more communication and
networking issues in control designs to better handle the arising
challenges.
Significant progress has been made on nonlinear control systems in
the past two decades. However, many of the existing nonlinear
control methods cannot be readily used to cope with communication
and networking issues without nontrivial modifications. For
example, small quantization errors may cause the performance of a
"well-designed" nonlinear control system to deteriorate. Motivated
by the need for new tools to solve complex problems resulting from
smart power grids, biological processes, distributed computing
networks, transportation networks, robotic systems, and other
cutting-edge control applications, Nonlinear Control of Dynamic
Networks tackles newly arising theoretical and real-world
challenges for stability analysis and control design, including
nonlinearity, dimensionality, uncertainty, and information
constraints as well as behaviors stemming from quantization,
data-sampling, and impulses. Delivering a systematic review of the
nonlinear small-gain theorems, the text: Supplies novel
cyclic-small-gain theorems for large-scale nonlinear dynamic
networks Offers a cyclic-small-gain framework for nonlinear control
with static or dynamic quantization Contains a combination of
cyclic-small-gain and set-valued map designs for robust control of
nonlinear uncertain systems subject to sensor noise Presents a
cyclic-small-gain result in directed graphs and distributed control
of nonlinear multi-agent systems with fixed or dynamically changing
topology Based on the authors' recent research, Nonlinear Control
of Dynamic Networks provides a unified framework for robust,
quantized, and distributed control under information constraints.
Suggesting avenues for further exploration, the book encourages
readers to take into consideration more communication and
networking issues in control designs to better handle the arising
challenges.
This book presents a study on the novel concept of "event-triggered
control of nonlinear systems subject to disturbances", discussing
the theory and practical applications. Richly illustrated, it is a
valuable resource for researchers, engineers and graduate students
in automation engineering who wish to learn the theories,
technologies, and applications of event-triggered control of
nonlinear systems.
This book covers some of the most popular methods in design space
sampling, ensembling surrogate models, multi-fidelity surrogate
model construction, surrogate model selection and validation,
surrogate-based robust design optimization, and surrogate-based
evolutionary optimization. Surrogate or metamodels are now
frequently used in complex engineering product design to replace
expensive simulations or physical experiments. They are constructed
from available input parameter values and the corresponding output
performance or quantities of interest (QOIs) to provide predictions
based on the fitted or interpolated mathematical relationships. The
book highlights a range of methods for ensembling surrogate and
multi-fidelity models, which offer a good balance between surrogate
modeling accuracy and building cost. A number of real-world
engineering design problems, such as three-dimensional aircraft
design, are also provided to illustrate the ability of surrogates
for supporting complex engineering design. Lastly, illustrative
examples are included throughout to help explain the approaches in
a more "hands-on" manner.
This book presents a study on the novel concept of "event-triggered
control of nonlinear systems subject to disturbances", discussing
the theory and practical applications. Richly illustrated, it is a
valuable resource for researchers, engineers and graduate students
in automation engineering who wish to learn the theories,
technologies, and applications of event-triggered control of
nonlinear systems.
This book covers some of the most popular methods in design space
sampling, ensembling surrogate models, multi-fidelity surrogate
model construction, surrogate model selection and validation,
surrogate-based robust design optimization, and surrogate-based
evolutionary optimization. Surrogate or metamodels are now
frequently used in complex engineering product design to replace
expensive simulations or physical experiments. They are constructed
from available input parameter values and the corresponding output
performance or quantities of interest (QOIs) to provide predictions
based on the fitted or interpolated mathematical relationships. The
book highlights a range of methods for ensembling surrogate and
multi-fidelity models, which offer a good balance between surrogate
modeling accuracy and building cost. A number of real-world
engineering design problems, such as three-dimensional aircraft
design, are also provided to illustrate the ability of surrogates
for supporting complex engineering design. Lastly, illustrative
examples are included throughout to help explain the approaches in
a more "hands-on" manner.
There are a large number of books available on fuel cells; however,
the majority are on specific types of fuel cells such as solid
oxide fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, or on
specific technical aspects of fuel cells, e.g., the system or stack
engineering. Thus, there is a need for a book focused on materials
requirements in fuel cells. Key Materials in High-Temperature Fuel
Cells is a concise source of the most important and key materials
and catalysts in high-temperature fuel cells with emphasis on the
most important solid oxide fuel cells. A related book will cover
key materials in low-temperature fuel cells. The two books form
part of the ?Materials for Sustainable Energy & Development?
series.
Key Materials in High-Temperature Fuel Cells brings together world
leaders and experts in this field and provides a lucid description
of the materials assessment of fuel cell technologies. With an
emphasis on the technical development and applications of key
materials in high-temperature fuel cells, this text covers
fundamental principles, advancement, challenges, and important
current research themes. Topics covered include: advanced anodes
for hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels; oxide ion conducting materials
for electrolytes; metallic interconnect materials of solid oxide
fuel cells; materials and design for micro-SOFCs; advanced cathodes
of solid oxide fuel cells; materials and processing for
metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells; degradation and poisoning
issues of electrode materials of solid oxide fuel cells, status and
challenges in molten carbonate fuel cells; and key materials in
direct carbon and phosphoric acid fuel cells
This book is an essential reference source for researchers,
engineers and technicians in academia, research institutes and
industry working in the fields of fuel cells, energy materials,
electrochemistry and materials science and engineering.
Recently, the subject of nonlinear control systems analysis has
grown rapidly and this book provides a simple and self-contained
presentation of their stability and feedback stabilization which
enables the reader to learn and understand major techniques used in
mathematical control theory. In particular: the important
techniques of proving global stability properties are presented
closely linked with corresponding methods of nonlinear feedback
stabilization; a general framework of methods for proving stability
is given, thus allowing the study of a wide class of nonlinear
systems, including finite-dimensional systems described by ordinary
differential equations, discrete-time systems, systems with delays
and sampled-data systems; approaches to the proof of classical
global stability properties are extended to non-classical global
stability properties such as non-uniform-in-time stability and
input-to-output stability; and new tools for stability analysis and
control design of a wide class of nonlinear systems are introduced.
The presentational emphasis of Stability and Stabilization of
Nonlinear Systems is theoretical but the theory's importance for
concrete control problems is highlighted with a chapter
specifically dedicated to applications and with numerous
illustrative examples. Researchers working on nonlinear control
theory will find this monograph of interest while graduate students
of systems and control can also gain much insight and assistance
from the methods and proofs detailed in this book.
Recently, the subject of nonlinear control systems analysis has
grown rapidly and this book provides a simple and self-contained
presentation of their stability and feedback stabilization which
enables the reader to learn and understand major techniques used in
mathematical control theory. In particular: the important
techniques of proving global stability properties are presented
closely linked with corresponding methods of nonlinear feedback
stabilization; a general framework of methods for proving stability
is given, thus allowing the study of a wide class of nonlinear
systems, including finite-dimensional systems described by ordinary
differential equations, discrete-time systems, systems with delays
and sampled-data systems; approaches to the proof of classical
global stability properties are extended to non-classical global
stability properties such as non-uniform-in-time stability and
input-to-output stability; and new tools for stability analysis and
control design of a wide class of nonlinear systems are introduced.
The presentational emphasis of Stability and Stabilization of
Nonlinear Systems is theoretical but the theory s importance for
concrete control problems is highlighted with a chapter
specifically dedicated to applications and with numerous
illustrative examples. Researchers working on nonlinear control
theory will find this monograph of interest while graduate students
of systems and control can also gain much insight and assistance
from the methods and proofs detailed in this book."
Boasting chapters written by leading international experts,
Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells provides an
overview of the progress that has been made so far in the material
and catalyst development for fuel cells. The book covers the most
recent developments detailing all aspects of synthesis,
characterization, and performance. It offers an overview on the
principles, classifications, and types of fuels used in fuel cells,
and discusses the critical properties, design, and advances made in
various sealing materials. It provides an extensive review on the
design, configuration, fabrication, modeling, materials, and stack
performance of -SOFC technology, and addresses the advancement and
challenges in the synthesis, characterization, and fundamental
understanding of the catalytic activity of nitrogen-carbon, carbon,
and noncarbon-based electro catalysts for PEM fuel cells. The
authors explore the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique,
summarize the advancements in the fundamental understanding of the
most successful Nafion membranes, and focus on the development of
alternative and composite membranes for direct alcohol fuel cells
(DAFCs). They also review current challenges and consider future
development in the industry. Includes 17 chapters, 262 figures, and
close to 2000 references Provides an extensive review of the
carbon, nitrogen-carbon, and noncarbon-based electro catalysts for
fuel cells Presents an update on the latest materials development
in conventional fuel cells and emerging fuel cells This text is a
single-source reference on the latest advances in the
nano-structured materials and electro catalysts for fuel cells, the
most efficient and emerging energy conversion technologies for the
twenty-first century. It serves as a valuable resource for
students, materials engineers, and researchers interested in fuel
cell technology.
This book, published in honor of Professor Laurent Praly on the
occasion of his 65th birthday, explores the responses of some
leading international authorities to new challenges in nonlinear
and adaptive control. The mitigation of the effects of uncertainty
and nonlinearity - ubiquitous features of real-world engineering
and natural systems - on closed-loop stability and robustness being
of crucial importance, the contributions report the latest research
into overcoming these difficulties in: autonomous systems; reset
control systems; multiple-input-multiple-output nonlinear systems;
input delays; partial differential equations; population games; and
data-driven control. Trends in Nonlinear and Adaptive Control
presents research inspired by and related to Professor Praly's
lifetime of contributions to control theory and is a valuable
addition to the literature of advanced control.
This book, published in honor of Professor Laurent Praly on the
occasion of his 65th birthday, explores the responses of some
leading international authorities to new challenges in nonlinear
and adaptive control. The mitigation of the effects of uncertainty
and nonlinearity - ubiquitous features of real-world engineering
and natural systems - on closed-loop stability and robustness being
of crucial importance, the contributions report the latest research
into overcoming these difficulties in: autonomous systems; reset
control systems; multiple-input-multiple-output nonlinear systems;
input delays; partial differential equations; population games; and
data-driven control. Trends in Nonlinear and Adaptive Control
presents research inspired by and related to Professor Praly's
lifetime of contributions to control theory and is a valuable
addition to the literature of advanced control.
This textbook covers essential electrochemistry and materials
science content and provides an extensive collection of examples in
order to bridge the gap between engineering students' basic
knowledge and the concrete skills they need to handle practical
problems in fuel cells. The book starts with an introduction to the
basic thermodynamics and electrochemistry principles and techniques
in fuel cells. It subsequently discusses fuel cell operation
principles, electrocatalysts, electrode materials, cell and system
configuration and technologies in low-temperature fuel cells such
as alkaline fuel cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and
in high-temperature fuel cells including solid oxide and molten
carbonate fuel cells. Other energy conversion and storage
technologies such as supercapacitors, batteries and electrolysis
are also covered. A special chapter on laboratory experiments with
fuel cells is also included, which can be conducted in conjunction
with classroom teaching. Each chapter includes problems and
exercises. The book provides students with an engineering
background essential information on the basic thermodynamics,
electrochemistry and materials of fuel cells, the most efficient
and environmentally friend energy conversion technologies, all in a
single book.
Innovation through specific and rational design and
functionalization has led to the development of a wide range of
mesoporous materials with varying morphologies (hexagonal, cubic,
rod-like), structures (silicates, carbons, metal oxides), and
unique functionalities (doping, acid functionalization) that
currently makes this field one of the most exciting in materials
science and energy applications. This book focuses primarily on the
rapid progress in their application in energy conversion and
storage technologies, including supercapacitor, Li-ion battery,
fuel cells, solar cells, and photocatalysis (water splitting) and
will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field
The recent success of Reinforcement Learning and related methods
can be attributed to several key factors. First, it is driven by
reward signals obtained through the interaction with the
environment. Second, it is closely related to the human learning
behavior. Third, it has a solid mathematical foundation.
Nonetheless, conventional Reinforcement Learning theory exhibits
some shortcomings particularly in a continuous environment or in
considering the stability and robustness of the controlled process.
In this monograph, the authors build on Reinforcement Learning to
present a learning-based approach for controlling dynamical systems
from real-time data and review some major developments in this
relatively young field. In doing so the authors develop a framework
for learning-based control theory that shows how to learn directly
suboptimal controllers from input-output data. There are three main
challenges on the development of learning-based control. First,
there is a need to generalize existing recursive methods. Second,
as a fundamental difference between learning-based control and
Reinforcement Learning, stability and robustness are important
issues that must be addressed for the safety-critical engineering
systems such as self-driving cars. Third, data efficiency of
Reinforcement Learning algorithms need be addressed for
safety-critical engineering systems. This monograph provides the
reader with an accessible primer on a new direction in control
theory still in its infancy, namely Learning-Based Control Theory,
that is closely tied to the literature of safe Reinforcement
Learning and Adaptive Dynamic Programming.
Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies covers
the development of advanced materials and technologies for
electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The book was created
by participants of the International Conference on Electrochemical
Materials and Technologies for Clean Sustainable Energy (ICES-2013)
held in Guangzhou, China, and incorporates select papers presented
at the conference. More than 300 attendees from across the globe
participated in ICES-2013 and gave presentations in six major
themes: Fuel cells and hydrogen energy Lithium batteries and
advanced secondary batteries Green energy for a clean environment
Photo-Electrocatalysis Supercapacitors Electrochemical clean energy
applications and markets Comprised of eight sections, this book
includes 25 chapters featuring highlights from the conference and
covering every facet of synthesis, characterization, and
performance evaluation of the advanced materials for
electrochemical energy. It thoroughly describes electrochemical
energy conversion and storage technologies such as batteries, fuel
cells, supercapacitors, hydrogen generation, and their associated
materials. The book contains a number of topics that include
electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and
manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms. It also addresses
challenges related to cost and performance, provides varying
perspectives, and emphasizes existing and emerging solutions. The
result of a conference encouraging enhanced research collaboration
among members of the electrochemical energy community,
Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies is
dedicated to the development of advanced materials and technologies
for electrochemical energy conversion and storage and details the
technologies, current achievements, and future directions in the
field.
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