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Bioenergy Engineering: Fundamentals, Methods, Modelling, and
Applications presents the fundamental principles, recent
developments, innovative state-of the-art technologies, challenges,
solutions and future perspectives on the production of biofuels and
bioenergy. Balancing the scientific and engineering aspects of
biofuels production, the book guides readers through the chemical
kinetics, modeling, thermodynamics, unit operations and
technological advancements in fuel processing from conventional and
alternative resources. Each chapter of the book starts with the
fundamentals and goes on to assess the latest technologies for the
production of renewable fuels on topics. Sections cover biomass
utilization, biomass-to-liquid conversion technologies (pyrolysis,
liquefaction, solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation),
biomass-to-gas conversion technologies (thermochemical
gasification, subcritical and supercritical water gasification, and
methanation), gas-to-liquid conversion technologies
(Fischer-Tropsch synthesis), carbonization, transesterification,
organic transformation, carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom
coupling reactions, oxidation, reforming, hydrotreating
technologies (hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization,
hydrodenitrogenation, hydro dearomatization and hydro
demetalization), nanocatalysis and biocatalysis (enzymatic
hydrolysis), and much more.
Create improved crops with these techniques for plant cell culture
This comprehensive book presents the basic concepts and applied
techniques of plant cell and tissue culture. More and more,
commercial plant breeding and development employs these methods to
protect crops from weather, pests, and disease. Covering the
history of in vitro breeding as well as emerging research trends,
In Vitro Plant Breeding offers specific techniques for crop
improvement and breeding. Designed as a text for undergraduate
students, In Vitro Plant Breeding presents the theory of tissue
culture as well as practical techniques. Its step-by-step
instructions and clear illustrations facilitate learning and
laboratory work. In Vitro Plant Breeding gives in-depth information
and the latest research on the vital concepts and techniques of in
vitro breeding, including: applications of plant tissue culture
morphogenesis and organogenesis micropropagation producing haploid
plants in vitro in vitro pollination and fertilization problems of
embryo culture somatic hybridization protoplast technology
selection of desirable traits cryopreservation and plant breeding
micrograftingThis helpful book is plentifully illustrated with
examples, schematic descriptions, and tables to make the concepts
clear and easy to learn. In Vitro Plant Breeding is an essential
resource.
Biohydrogen is a promising gaseous biofuel that has prospective
applications in combined heat and power, for fuel cells, or as a
precursor for chemicals production. Hydrogen can also be converted
to liquid hydrocarbon fuels and value-added chemicals through
catalytic thermochemical or through biocatalytic biological
pathways. This book covers some the important recent advances in
the production and utilization of biohydrogen and its solutions for
clean fuel, waste management, waste valorization, reduced
greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change mitigation.
Biohydrogen: Developments and Prospects first covers the basic
principles, benefits, and challenges concerning both the biological
and thermochemical routes for biohydrogen production and then goes
on to address topics such as biomass conversion to hydrogen through
gasification with a focus on the process parameters, catalytic
reforming technologies for hydrogen production concerning various
feedstocks; the co-conversion of plastic wastes and biomass into
biohydrogen through co-gasification technology; the effect of
process parameters on syngas yields through co-gasification;
fermentative hydrogen production technologies; the molecular
mechanism of hydrogen production and enhancing the yield in
hydrogen production by genetic and metabolic engineering; hydrogen
production routes through microbial electrolysis; and much more.
Key features: Helps to provide the most up-to-date information
addressing solutions for clean fuel, waste management, waste
valorization, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change
mitigation Offers in-depth knowledge about recent developments on
thermochemical methanation technologies and bioreactor and
bioprocess design in anaerobic digestion technologies Discusses
biotechnological interventions for metabolic engineering of
microorganisms towards biohydrogen production Looks at gasification
technologies and catalytic reforming technologies for hydrogen
production Addressing both the fundamentals as well as advanced new
technological research on biohydrogen production by focusing on
recent global research with emphasis on the technological,
environmental, socioeconomic, and techno-economic aspects, this
volume will be a valuable resource for faculty and advanced
students, chemical and biochemical engineers, bioprocess
technologists, biochemists, environmental scientists and
researchers as well as theoretical and applied statisticians and
policymakers in this area.
This book presents a comprehensive synopsis of the production and
utilization of biomethane along with important recent advances.
Biomethane production offers valuable alternative energy solutions
for the replacement of fossil fuels to lessen the environmental
impacts and strategize for mitigating global warming and climate
change. Chapters first focus on the production of biogas (or
biomethane) with emphasis on the different biomass utilization for
industrial and domestic applications and describe the
characteristics, parameters, and process design of anaerobic
digesters for biomethane production from waste biomass. The book
then goes on to discuss advanced genetic engineering tools and
techniques to enhance biomethanation and biomethane production. The
volume also offers a state-of-the-art review of anaerobic digestion
of biogenic solid wastes, the impact of different chemical
pretreatment processes and products, and the influence of operating
parameters on biomethane yields. Differentiating between the
thermochemical technologies (e.g., gasification and pyrolysis) and
biological technologies (e.g., anaerobic digestion) for biomethane
production, the book assesses some recent advancements in
biomethane production along with its socioeconomic impacts and
applications. Other topics include gasification technology and
syngas cleaning for biosynthetic natural gas production, the use of
catalysts for enhanced synthetic natural gas production, biohythane
fuel produced from microbial fermentative pathways, and more.
Biomethane: Developments and Prospects offers valuable insight and
information on the current status of production and utilization of
biomethane that has cross-disciplinary value in biotechnology,
fermentation technology, bioprocess engineering, chemical
engineering, and environmental technology with a common interest in
biofuels and bioenergy.
The major issues relating to environmental sustainability such as a
heavy dependency on fossil fuels, increased greenhouse gas
emissions, pollution, global warming and climate change have
prompted many efforts around the globe to seek alternative energy
sources that have negligible environmental impacts and societal
benefits. There is an immense interest in biofuels research
throughout the world owing to its massive potential to address
environmental concerns. Biofuels have the capacity to supplement
current and future energy demands through being blended with fossil
fuels or even replacing them completely as drop-in fuels in
automobiles as well as for heating and the power industries. Waste
biomass, primarily lignocellulosic biomass (e.g. agricultural crop
residues, forestry biomass and energy crops) and microalgae can act
as some inexpensive renewable bioresources for the production of
biofuels and biochemicals. The prime focus of Bioprocessing of
Biofuels is to shed light on this significant process, especially
through microbial conversion technologies to recover and transform
the inedible polysaccharides into hydrocarbon biofuels and
bioenergy. The book offers introductory coverage of the most
crucial topics as follows: A systematic overview of the
state-of-the-art in the production and utilization of biofuels
Categorical bioprospecting of bioresources for biofuel production
Biomass pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification Bioconversion
of waste biomass and algae to liquid and gaseous biofuels New
developments in microbial fuel-cell technologies Bioprocessing of
Biofuels unites topics related to the cutting-edge applications of
bioresources and green technologies to reinvigorate biorefineries,
positioning them within a competitive energy market. Written to be
instantly applicable, this volume offers a reference book for
undergraduate and graduate students, scientific investigators and
research scholars around the globe working in the areas relating to
energy and fuels.
This book deals with the numerical solution of integral equations
based on approximation of functions and the authors apply wavelet
approximation to the unknown function of integral equations. The
book's goal is to categorize the selected methods and assess their
accuracy and efficiency.
Modern Intervention Tools for Rehabilitation addresses current
advancements in rehabilitation to better equip clinicians and
researchers in the field. This resource will equip professionals
for better patient outcomes and improve future rehabilitation
research quality. An interdisciplinary understanding of the
rehabilitation field is crucial for improved patient care and
outcomes, with relevance to patient care in other disciplines as
well. With chapters dedicated to diagnostics, choosing appropriate
techniques, managing medical treatment, and proper equipment care,
readers will be well-equipped to decide on protocols, increase
patient outcomes, and improve quality of life.
This is a textbook for upper undergraduate and graduate courses on
microwave engineering, written in a student-friendly manner with
many diagrams and illustrations. It works towards developing a
foundation for further study and research in the field. The book
begins with a brief history of microwaves and introduction to core
concepts of EM waves and wave guides. It covers equipment and
concepts involved in the study and measurement of microwaves. The
book also discuses microwave propagation in space, microwave
antennae, and all aspects of RADAR. The book provides core pedagogy
with chapter objectives, summaries, solved examples, and
end-of-chapter exercises. The book also includes a bonus chapter
which serves as a lab manual with 15 simple experiments detailed
with proper circuits, precautions, sample readings, and quiz/viva
questions for each experiment. This book will be useful to
instructors and students alike.
Nutrient imbalance in soils is an emerging threat to sustainable
agriculture: intensive cultivation, use of poor quality
groundwater, depletion of soil organic matter and excessive use of
fertilizers are major reasons for poor soil fertility worldwide.
This necessitates correct diagnosis of plant nutrient deficiencies
to avoid further use of pesticides in cases where pests or
pathogens that are not in fact the cause of poor crop health.
Richly illustrated with 600 colour photographs, this book is a
visual field identification guide for symptoms of most common
nutrient deficiencies in field crops, covering all their stages of
occurrence. Detailed descriptions and suggested for management
practices are given with each entry.
This is a textbook for upper undergraduate and graduate courses on
microwave engineering, written in a student-friendly manner with
many diagrams and illustrations. It works towards developing a
foundation for further study and research in the field. The book
begins with a brief history of microwaves and introduction to core
concepts of EM waves and wave guides. It covers equipment and
concepts involved in the study and measurement of microwaves. The
book also discuses microwave propagation in space, microwave
antennae, and all aspects of RADAR. The book provides core pedagogy
with chapter objectives, summaries, solved examples, and
end-of-chapter exercises. The book also includes a bonus chapter
which serves as a lab manual with 15 simple experiments detailed
with proper circuits, precautions, sample readings, and quiz/viva
questions for each experiment. This book will be useful to
instructors and students alike.
This book presents an exploration of linkages among soil-water,
agriculture, and climate change with a special focus on thematic
areas for assessment, mitigation, and management of natural
resources under climate change conditions. This book covers
advances in modelling approaches, including machine learning (ML)/
artificial intelligence (AI) applications; GIS and remote sensing;
sensors; impacts of climate change on agriculture; subsurface
water; contaminants; and socio-economic impacts, which are lacking
in a more comprehensive manner in the previous titles. This book
encompasses updated information as well as future directions for
researchers working in the field of management of natural
resources. The goal of this book is to provide scientific evidence
to researchers and policymakers and end-to-end value chain
practitioners which may help in reducing the overall adverse
impacts of climate change on water resources and the related
mitigation strategies. This book focuses on the knowledge, modern
tools, and techniques, i.e., machine learning, artificial
intelligence, etc. for soil-water, agriculture, and climate change.
Further, nature-based solutions for management of natural resources
with special targets on contaminants, extreme events, disturbances,
etc. will be targeted. The book provides readers with the enhanced
knowledge for application of engineering principles and economic
and regulatory constraints to determine a soil-water, agriculture
production action strategy, and select appropriate technologies to
implement the strategy for a given data set at a site. It would
also cover the application of laboratory, modeling, numerical
methods for determination and forecasting of climate change
impacts, agriculture production, pollution, soil health, etc.
Overall, it provides hydrologists, environmental engineers,
administrators, policy makers, consultants, and industrial experts
with essential support in effective management of soils health,
agricultural productions, and mitigation of extreme climatic
events.
This book provides different aspects on fuel processing and
refinery for energy generation. Most updated research findings
along with case studies, real scenario examples, and extensive
analyses of original research work and literature reviews is
included in this book.
The apprehensions relating to global warming, climate change and
increasing energy demands have led to significant research for the
development of sustainable energy and products from biomass by
utilizing modern biotechnological tools. This book is an innovative
collection of 14 chapters broadly focussing on biofuels,
biomaterials, biopolymers and other industrially relevant
commodities produced from agricultural biomass, forest residues,
algae, food processing wastes and other biogenic refuse. The book
aims to serve as a reference book for academic and industrial
researchers in finding new pathways to link food security and
energy demands with the help of novel biotechnological
interventions. This book highlights state-of-the-art aspects based
on biotechnology involved in transportation sector, food industry,
agriculture, biorefining and material science.
This book is primarily designed to serve as a textbook for
undergraduate students of electrical, electronics, and computer
engineering, but can also be used for primer courses across other
disciplines of engineering and related sciences. The book covers
all the basic aspects of electronics engineering, from electronic
materials to devices, and then to basic electronic circuits. The
book can be used for freshman (first year) and sophomore (second
year) courses in undergraduate engineering. It can also be used as
a supplement or primer for more advanced courses in electronic
circuit design. The book uses a simple narrative style, thus
simplifying both classroom use and self study. Numerical values of
dimensions of the devices, as well as of data in figures and graphs
have been provided to give a real world feel to the device
parameters. It includes a large number of numerical problems and
solved examples, to enable students to practice. A laboratory
manual is included as a supplement with the textbook material for
practicals related to the coursework. The contents of this book
will be useful also for students and enthusiasts interested in
learning about basic electronics without the benefit of formal
coursework.
This book is primarily designed to serve as a textbook for
undergraduate students of electrical, electronics, and computer
engineering, but can also be used for primer courses across other
disciplines of engineering and related sciences. The book covers
all the basic aspects of electronics engineering, from electronic
materials to devices, and then to basic electronic circuits. The
book can be used for freshman (first year) and sophomore (second
year) courses in undergraduate engineering. It can also be used as
a supplement or primer for more advanced courses in electronic
circuit design. The book uses a simple narrative style, thus
simplifying both classroom use and self study. Numerical values of
dimensions of the devices, as well as of data in figures and graphs
have been provided to give a real world feel to the device
parameters. It includes a large number of numerical problems and
solved examples, to enable students to practice. A laboratory
manual is included as a supplement with the textbook material for
practicals related to the coursework. The contents of this book
will be useful also for students and enthusiasts interested in
learning about basic electronics without the benefit of formal
coursework.
Structure and Tectonics of the Indian Continental Crust and Its
Adjoining Region: Deep Seismic Studies, Second Edition, collates
essential data from seismic studies of Earth's crust across India,
offering an essential understanding of the tectonic development of
the Indian subcontinent. Seismic studies have been carried out in
various parts of India since 1972, recording crust-related seismic
data for determination of velocity-depth configuration and
determination of structural patterns. The book examines the details
of these studies, including their synthesis and global
applications. The book presents both background and applications in
one cohesive volume for researchers and students of geophysics and
geology.
Framing the Global explores new and interdisciplinary approaches
to the study of global issues. Essays are framed around the entry
points or key concepts that have emerged in each contributor's
engagement with global studies in the course of empirical research,
offering a conceptual toolkit for global research in the 21st
century. http: //framing.indiana.edu
Low Back Pain accounts for considerable healthcare and
socioeconomic costs. Non Specific low back pain is an uncomfortable
medical condition that causes frequent disability and absence from
work. The use of Swiss ball training for core muscle development
has been popular for several years in patients with Low back pain.
Motor control exercises produce improvements in global impression
and activity, for people with chronic Low back pain. Proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercises are designed to enhance
the response of neuromuscular mechanisms by stimulating
proprioceptors. Effects of both forms of exercise on low back pain
has been shown in this book. A comparison of both forms of exercise
also helps people to choose exercise depending upon their need and
suitability. An overview of the procedure and timing for the
exercises can be found in the book. This Book will prove useful for
people who face low back pain in their daily life.
Chronic neck pain is a common source of disability in society.
Majority of cases resulting in inability to do daily work and
frequent absentism from work. Neck pain may alter proprioceptive
function, and cervical repositioning sense is impaired in patients
with neck pain. Proprioceptive exercise have an inhibitory effect
on pain and discomfort in patients with chronic neck pain.
Proprioceptive training programs are used to improve the cervical
repositioning sense and eventually relieve the neck pain. This book
aims to find out the effects of two different types of
proprioceptive training programs, namely; Proprioceptive
Neuromuscular Facilitation technique and Deep Cervical Flexors
strengthening on subjects with chronic non specific neck pain. The
analysis sheds some light on advanced methods used to overcome neck
pain and provides evidence for the newer clinical techniques.
Basic Electrical Engineering lays strong emphasis on the basic
principles and incorporates topics with advanced concepts. A
careful selection of the text material and worked out examples help
the students to grasp the subject of Electrical Engineering. This
book presents a blend of theoretical details with numerous problems
for easy understanding and various applications. In relevant
portions of the text, additional discussions and illustrative
examples have been incorporated to make the pursuit of the study of
electrical engineering a better experience for the students.
Salient Features: The subject has been presented in graded manner,
and contains a detailed exposition of the fundamentals. Illustrated
examples demonstrating relevant applications Simple problem solving
methodology to sharpen problem solving skills. All chapters are
followed by important points and numerical examples. Relevant
questions of various universities and objective questions included.
Figures and diagrams support the concepts of the subject.
Prakash Kumar documents the history of agricultural indigo,
exploring the effects of nineteenth-century globalisation on this
colonial industry. Charting the indigo culture from the early
modern period to the twentieth century, Kumar discusses how
knowledge of indigo culture thrived among peasant traditions on the
Indian subcontinent in the early modern period and was then
developed by Caribbean planters and French naturalists who codified
this knowledge into widely disseminated texts. European planters
who settled in Bengal with the establishment of British rule in the
late eighteenth century drew on this information. From the
nineteenth century, indigo culture became more modern,
science-based and expert driven, and with the advent of a cheaper,
purer synthetic indigo in 1897, indigo science crossed paths with
the colonial state's effort to develop a science for agricultural
development. Only at the end of the First World War, when the
industrial use of synthetic indigo for textile dyeing and printing
became almost universal, did the indigo industry's optimism fade
away.
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