CD34+ pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generally involved in all aspects of the human system as well as in the stem cell therapeutic strategies, as in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This book deals with several original research articles on HSC proliferation and containment. Lineage directed differentiation of HSCs and use of easily available herbal extracts for greatly increased proliferation into erythrocytes to treat thrombocytopenia are herein reported.HSCs respond to the growth factors and the herbal medicine is a welcome substitute with lack of known side effects for treatment purposes. However molecular mechanisms as in signal transduction are more easily deciphered than those derived from the herbs which may well be taken up for future studies. Mutations in the signal transduction genes such as JAK-2 have been shown to cause dysregulation of the CD34+ cell differentiation causing erythrocytosis, which is the reverse of thrombocytopenia, both of which are undesirable clinical consequences! Erythrocytes have been shown to date back to ancient tissues from the fossils.

Stem cells of varying potencies originating from the organ generating totipotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to terminally differented cells such as platelets formation, via pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and their downstream multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have in general been well characterized. Thus majority of these different stem cell types and their differentiation progeny can be tracked for subjecting to further characterizations for clinical relevance and consequently needed biological modifications at the cellular and molecular levels, for patients clinical treatments. The very first section of this books contents deal with the above stated description. Such characterizations and research laboratory manipulations of the stem cells have led to their clinical grade applications and treatments with positive benefits, as described in the second section of this book. The clinical benefits as published by Nova Science Publishers herein as part of the contents are of tremendous significance and provide relief to the handicapped individuals, particularly for those who suffered lifes biological hazards. This naturally seeks R&D-mediated bench to bedside benefits and solutions for the genetically defective individuals. Bone marrow-derived stem cells with HSCs as their primary components are increasingly being cast the human eyes with pregnant females resorting cord blood banking as they peek to dwell into the future well being of their offspring(s) which could even benefit their own selves, should there be expectedly sufficient HLA matching. The third section of this book deals with such topics. The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which were generated to overcome the ethical considerations of using ESCs were fraught with elaborate molecular and cellular biological engineering methods and the advent of derivation and usefulness of MSCs have since sidelined or relegated the iPSCs to a distant role. Nonetheless the hitherto served purpose of iPSCs is not discounted and yet unknown stumbling blocks of what seems to be a smooth going runway of MSCs may spring up in the clinical paths necessitated by the treatment along the future. In the fourth section of the book, it is to be kept in mind that uncontrolled proliferation of cells should be avoided at all costs. Whereas self-renewal of stem cells is generally expected to lead to a turnover, it need not be the case with regeneration processes. This will depend upon the genetic make up of the donor-derived and invasively injected stem cells plus accompanying biological reagent components, as well as also the recipients physical conditions. The fifth and last section of the book deals with conventional and alternative medicine topics applicable to carcinogenesis or such tendencies. Telomerase activity is a double edged sword. Therefore its homeostasis or equilibrium is to be maintained. Discriminatory apoptosis that is of beneficial nature affecting malignant cells but not the normal cells is necessary. Thus equation between apoptotic and telomerase activities even those of stem cells should be as hand in glove.

This book presents and discusses current research in the study of stem cells. Topics discussed include research on adult stem cells; cell therapy applications; somatic cell nuclear transfer; stem cell research in Europe; an artificial niche for expansion of long-term engraftable hematopoietic cells; global characterisation and genomic stability of human MultiStem; haematopoietic and stromal stem cell regulation by extracellular matrix components and growth factors and stem cell divisions.

Among the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune diseases as well as Parkinson's disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This new book presents the latest research from around the globe.

The normal functioning of the human female reproductive system is sacrosanct, as it allows for the essential nurturing of offspring. Conditions such as endometriosis and fibroid formation can have devastating consequences to the progeny, as well as the parents, both physically and mentally. This book has several chapters that deal with the role of stem cells in the safer outcome of pregnancies. Mesenchymal stem cells continue to make waves as various researchers dwell on their low immunogenicity to prevent graft rejection when used for therapeutic strategies. Dental pulp-derived stem cells are being sought after to address many therapies. However, researchers must exercise ethical caution to avoid resorting to pulling out the teeth of live, healthy animals, including those qualified for pets. The efficacy of cancer treatments with naturally occurring plant-derived substances and the characterization of cancer stem cells and lesions continue to engage researchers of this ever-perennial disease and its potentially lethal pathology. Stem cells to replenish the pancreatic islet cells from induced pluripotent stem cells are an actively pursued subject in regenerative medicine for diabetes patients. Stem cells in immune responses are also attracting researchers to investigate immune tolerance and autoimmunity.

It is for the first time that experimentally induced generation and isolation of cancer stem cells (CSC), with the fusion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in vivo, is contained as content in this book. This methodology can be extended to the use of stem cells of totipotent, pluripotent and even multipotent lineages. This book consists of important and novel reports that the stem cell scientific community should further undertake.

This book presents and discusses current research in the field of stem cell research, with a particular focus on both human mesenchymal and embryonic stem cells. Topics discussed include the effect of the n-terminal peptide of link protein on human mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients; bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells; derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines; neuronal differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells; acute effect of endothelins on intercellular communication of human embryonic stem cells and commercialisation of human stem cells and stem cell-based products.

The two broad categories of mammalian stem cells that exist are: embryonic stem cells, derived from blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells are able to differentiate into all of the specialised embryonic tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialised cells. As stem cells can be readily grown and transformed into specialised tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture, their use in medical therapies has been proposed. In particular, embryonic cell lines, autologous embryonic stem cells generated therapeutic cloning, and highly plastic adult stem cells from the umbilical cord blood or bone marrow are touted as promising candidates. Among the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune diseases as well as Parkinson's disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This new book presents the latest research in the field from around the globe.

The two broad categories of mammalian stem cells exist: embryonic stem cells, derived from blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells are able to differentiate into all of the specialised embryonic tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialised cells. As stem cells can be readily grown and transformed into specialised tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture, their use in medical therapies has been proposed. In particular, embryonic cell lines, autologous embryonic stem cells generated therapeutic cloning, and highly plastic adult stem cells from the umbilical cord blood or bone marrow are touted as promising candidates. Among the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, auto-immune diseases as well as Parkinson's disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This new Book presents leading research from around the world in this field which is of interest to so many and presents so many hopes.

This book presents recent and important findings on stem cell research which is finding many applications including nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, auto-immune diseases as well as Parkinson's disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources.

This book presents and discusses current research in the study of stem cell therapy. Topics discussed include stem cell-based therapies; current therapies for multiple sclerosis; stem cell transplantation modulates mRNA gene expression profile in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy; human somatic cell nuclear transfer and parthenogenesis; human cord blood stem cell applications in cell therapy; cancer stem cells and neurotrophin in obstetrics and gynaecology.

The two broad categories of mammalian stem cells exist: embryonic stem cells, derived from blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells are able to differentiate into all of the specialised embryonic tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialised cells. As stem cells can be readily grown and transformed into specialised tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture, their use in medical therapies has been proposed. In particular, embryonic cell lines, autologous embryonic stem cells generated therapeutic cloning, and highly plastic adult stem cells from the umbilical cord blood or bone marrow are touted as promising candidates. Among the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune diseases as well as Parkinson's disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This book presents leading research from around the world in this field which is of interest to so many and presents so many hopes.

The two broad categories of mammalian stem cells exist: embryonic stem cells, derived from blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells are able to differentiate into all of the specialised embryonic tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialised cells. As stem cells can be readily grown and transformed into specialised tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture, their use in medical therapies has been proposed. In particular, embryonic cell lines, autologous embryonic stem cells generated therapeutic cloning, and highly plastic adult stem cells from the umbilical cord blood or bone marrow are touted as promising candidates. Among the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, auto-immune diseases as well as Parkinson's disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This book presents the latest research from around the globe in this dynamic field.