Wireless Sensor Networks have a wide range of applications in different areas. Their main constraint is the limited and irreplaceable power source of the sensor nodes. In many applications, energy conservation of the sensor nodes and their replacement or replenishment due to the hostile nature of the environment is the most challenging issue. Energy efficient clustering and routing are the two main important topics studied extensively for this purpose. This book focuses on the energy efficient clustering and routing with a great emphasis on the evolutionary approaches. It provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction of the fundamentals of WSNs, major issues and effective solutions.

This book includes a collection of peer-reviewed best selected research papers presented at the Third International Conference on Advances in Distributed Computing and Machine Learning (ICADCML 2022), organized by Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India, during 15-16 January 2022. This book presents recent innovations in the field of scalable distributed systems in addition to cutting edge research in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain in distributed environments.

This book is very useful for the scholars who are interested in the field of parallel computing at large and specifically in Opto-electronic Interconnection system (OTIS). OTIS has attracted many scientists and researches because of hybrid structure and hierarchical properties and extensive literature is also available. In this book, we have presented various parallel algorithms for problems including Lagrange interpolation, Durand-Kerner root finding, sorting, all-to-all communication, single-source shortest path routing and conflict graph construction on different OTIS models. In mapping these algorithms, intensive data movements are required over the intra-group links (electronic) as well as inter-group links (optical). Therefore, to analyze the time complexity of the proposed algorithms, we count the data movements through the electronic links as electronic moves and through the optical links as OTIS moves. We have also compared our work with the existing algorithms proposed by other scholars. This book will definitely motivate the scholars to explore all possible ways, an algorithm can be mapped on an OTIS model to improve the overall time complexity.

Recent innovation in the field of Very Large Scale Integration has resulted into fabrication of high speed processors. The sequential computers, equipped with such high speed processors, are unable to meet the challenges of various real-life and real- time computational problems in the areas of image processing, climate modeling, remote sensing, medical science etc., that require to process massive volume of data. Parallel processing is one of the most appropriate technologies that can meet the challenges of such application areas. A variety of numeric and non-numeric problems are often required to be solved in the above mentioned areas. Prefix computation, polynomial root finding, matrix-matrix multiplication, conflict graph construction are some of the very important computations, which are frequently used for solving such problems. In this thesis, we mainly focus on the design of parallel algorithms for such computations to map them efficiently on suitable interconnection networks. We also study a specific interconnection network, called OTIS-Mesh of trees. We establish its various topological properties and propose several parallel algorithms on it.