Increased research is going on to explore the new cleaner options for the utilization of natural resources. This book aims to provide the scientific knowhow and orientation in the area of the emerging technologies for utilization of natural resources for sustainable development to the readers. The book includes production of energy and lifesaving drugs using natural resources as well as reduction of wastage of resources like water and energy for sustainable development in both technological as well as modeling aspects.

The present work deals with the removal of cadmium from water using lemon peel and green coconut shell powder in batch reactor.Characterization of the biosorbents has been carried out through proximate and ultimate analysis, FTIR, SEM, EDAX etc. The influence of initial cadmium concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, time and temperature on the removal of cadmium has been investigated to find out the optimum process conditions. Analysis of kinetic data shows that the initial adsorption of cadmium is rapid for both the biosorbents, however, equilibrium agitation period is about 5 h for lemon peel and 3 h for green coconut shell powder. The adsorption process for both the biosorbents follows pseudo second order kinetic model. Langmuir isotherm model gives better prediction on adsorption equilibrium than Freundlich isotherm model. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for lemon peel and green coconut shell powder is found to be 11.24 mg/g and 14.49 mg/g respectively. The values of thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb's free energy change ( G ), enthalpy change ( H ) and entropy change ( S ) for these experiments indicate the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the processes.

This book comprises papers from the International Conference on Advances and Innovations in Recycling Engineering (AIR-2021). It highlights indispensable issues, challenges, and recommended solutions related to solid waste management and sustainability. The contents deal with recommended solutions and the gap between environmental laws related to recycling of waste and environment threat. Weighing the global economy loss via compromises on industrial growth versus environment provides another dimension to the study and press on the need for alternative practices. The impact on biodiversity conservation and natural resources pollutants is also highlighted. This book will be a useful guide for academics, researchers, and policymakers working in the fields of waste management.

Increased research is going on to explore the new cleaner options for the utilization of natural resources. This book aims to provide the scientific knowhow and orientation in the area of the emerging technologies for utilization of natural resources for sustainable development to the readers. The book includes production of energy and lifesaving drugs using natural resources as well as reduction of wastage of resources like water and energy for sustainable development in both technological as well as modeling aspects.