Microorganisms have critical roles in the functioning of environment, structural formation, and plant interactions, both positive and negative. These roles are important in reestablishing function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration. This book will focus on topics where microbial ecology contributes to management, restoration and sustainability of the biosphere. Discussing current microbial ecology and environmental microbiology, it will review the role of microbial communities in ecosystem services, with examples from both natural and managed ecosystems. It also highlights the untold ways in which microbial communities influence environmental quality and sustainability.