Examination of the musculoskeletal system is an important part of many clinicians' daily practice. Orthopedic special tests are routinely used during the physical examination process in order to help diagnose joint pathologies clinically. As a part of physical examination of the musculoskeletal dysfunction, orthopedic special tests help the clinician identify the pain-generating structures in order to define a specific diagnosis and plan of care. Additionally, in certain cases a valid and reliable clinical test may eliminate the need for costly diagnostic testing procedures. Compared with diagnostic imaging methods, physical examination tests or orthopedic clinical special tests have historically been an integral part of clinical examinations and are presently used by a variety of medical professionals as a less costly means of information gathering and confirmation of hypotheses. The number of special tests that have been described over the years is enormous. The purpose of this book is to compile and organize these tests systematically. This book is designed as a reference tool for clinicians of all background who are dealing with musculoskeletal dysfunctions. It will be a valuable reference tool for physical and occupational therapy students as well as medical students. This book, first published in 1994, contains eleven sections dealing with the extremity joints, the temporomandibular joint, the spine, and the sacroiliac joint. Each section contains the clinical tests of the specific area. Each test is first described, interpreted, and then followed by an illustration to add clarity to the performance of the test. I hope that this endeavor will help the practitioners with diagnosing the musculoskeletal dysfunctions.

This book is essential for today's health care provider. It covers all aspects of how to treat and manage wounds. It details step-by-step management of patients with open wounds, including pathophysiology, evaluation methods, and options for treatment. The book addresses critical information regarding treatment of pressure and leg ulcers, nutrition, pharmacology, dressings, total contact casting, and a variety of modalities including electrical stimulation, ultrasound, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and low-energy laser. This book looks at the essential area of clinical research and the need to establish efficacy and cost-effectiveness for the various modalities. Each individual chapter specifically and thoroughly addresses an area of wound management and includes an introduction, literature review, and treatment procedures, as well as numerous up-to-date references.