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Governments in countries like India have launched ambitious efforts
to conserve natural habitats and wildlife. While in many cases
achieving considerable success, these efforts have also caused
serious conflicts between wildlife officials and local communities
who are traditionally dependent on these resources for their
livelihood. These conflicts, along with increasing developmental
and commercial pressure, are threatening the future of virtually
all wildlife habitats, including protected areas. The suffering
that local people have been subjected to has also been enormous.
Over the first half of the 1990s, alternative paths to conservation
have increasingly been discussed in India and other tropical
countries. To a limited extent, such alternatives are also being
tried out on the ground. A part of their inspiration comes from
widespread efforts by communities themselves to regenerate and
protect their surrounding areas, but there are also examples of
bold initiatives by government officials to meaningfully involve
people in their work. As part of a 14-month project carried out by
a team at the Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi,
the above issues were explored through action research in three
specific protected areas (Dolma Sanctuary, Rajaji National Park,
Kailadevi Sanctuary) and through conceptual work on several issues
related to people's involvement in conservation. A survey was also
done on experiences of people's involvement in other countries, and
lessons from these relevant for India. Possibilities for changing
the relevant laws, including suggestions for an expanded system of
protected area categories, were explored. The book contains results
from all the above, a detailed bibliography on the subject, and
related statements from dialogues initiated by the research team.
The book will be of use to protected area managers, NGO activists,
researchers, and others who are working on issues of conservation
and livelihood rights.
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