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Complaint systems have existed in China for many years, and in
2004, a debate took place in the People's Republic of China (PRC)
over the Letters and Visits System (xinfang zhidu), which was
designed to allow people to register complaints with the upper
levels of the government. However, both parties generally
overlooked several different complaint systems that had preceded
the Letters and Visits System during China's history. Indeed,
despite the rich heritage of numerous complaint systems throughout
China's past, most studies of complaint systems in China have paid
little attention to the origins, development, practices, impact,
and nature of similar institutions in the longue duree of Chinese
history. Presenting a comprehensive study of complaint systems in
Chinese history from early times to the present, this important
book fills the gap in existing literature on complaint systems in
China. Drawing on primary sources, Qiang Fang analyses the
significance of continuities and changes in historical complaint
systems for contemporary China, where the state continues to be
nominally strong, but actually fragile. Unlike other major theories
of popular resistance to the state in China, such as 'everyday
resistance', 'rightful resistance' and resistance 'as legal
rights', this book develops the theory that behind Chinese
complaint systems, there was a mentality of 'natural resistance'
that has been deeply embedded in Chinese culture, political
philosophy, and folk religion for millennia. Given this history,
Fang concludes that it is likely that some form of complaint system
will continue to exist, and by helping to mitigate the increasing
demands of the Chinese state on the Chinese, will serve to
strengthen the state. An essential contribution understanding the
strengths, weaknesses, and various roles of the Letters and Visits
System in contemporary China, as well as the systems that have
preceded it throughout China's long history, this book will be of
huge interest to students and scholars of Chinese history, politics
and law.
Complaint systems have existed in China for many years, and in
2004, a debate took place in the People's Republic of China (PRC)
over the Letters and Visits System (xinfang zhidu), which was
designed to allow people to register complaints with the upper
levels of the government. However, both parties generally
overlooked several different complaint systems that had preceded
the Letters and Visits System during China's history. Indeed,
despite the rich heritage of numerous complaint systems throughout
China's past, most studies of complaint systems in China have paid
little attention to the origins, development, practices, impact,
and nature of similar institutions in the longue duree of Chinese
history. Presenting a comprehensive study of complaint systems in
Chinese history from early times to the present, this important
book fills the gap in existing literature on complaint systems in
China. Drawing on primary sources, Qiang Fang analyses the
significance of continuities and changes in historical complaint
systems for contemporary China, where the state continues to be
nominally strong, but actually fragile. Unlike other major theories
of popular resistance to the state in China, such as 'everyday
resistance', 'rightful resistance' and resistance 'as legal
rights', this book develops the theory that behind Chinese
complaint systems, there was a mentality of 'natural resistance'
that has been deeply embedded in Chinese culture, political
philosophy, and folk religion for millennia. Given this history,
Fang concludes that it is likely that some form of complaint system
will continue to exist, and by helping to mitigate the increasing
demands of the Chinese state on the Chinese, will serve to
strengthen the state. An essential contribution understanding the
strengths, weaknesses, and various roles of the Letters and Visits
System in contemporary China, as well as the systems that have
preceded it throughout China's long history, this book will be of
huge interest to students and scholars of Chinese history, politics
and law.
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Studies on Speech Production - 11th International Seminar, ISSP 2017, Tianjin, China, October 16-19, 2017, Revised Selected Papers (Paperback, 1st ed. 2018)
Qiang Fang, Jianwu Dang, Pascal Perrier, Jianguo Wei, Longbiao Wang, …
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R1,557
Discovery Miles 15 570
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of
the 11th International Seminar on Speech Production, ISSP 2017,
held in Tianjin, China, In October 2017. The 20 revised full papers
included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from
68 submissions. They cover a wide range of speech science fields
including phonology, phonetics, prosody, mechanics, acoustics,
physiology, motor control, neuroscience, computer science and human
interaction. The papers are organized in the following topical
sections: emotional speech analysis and recognition; articulatory
speech synthesis; speech acquisition; phonetics; speech planning
and comprehension, and speech disorder.
Drawing on hundreds of newly released judicial archives and court
cases, this book analyzes the communist judicial system in China
from its founding period to the death of Mao Zedong. It argues that
the communist judicial system was built when the CCP was engaged in
a life-or-death struggle with the GMD, meaning that the overriding
aim of the judicial system was, from the outset, to safeguard the
Party against both internal and external adversaries. This
fundamental insecurity and perennial fear of loss of power obsessed
the Party throughout the era of Mao and beyond, prompting it to
launch numerous political campaigns, which forced communist
judicial cadres to choose between upholding basic legal norms and
maintaining Party order. In doing all of this, The Communist
Judicial System in China, 1927-1976: Building on Fear fills a major
lacuna in our understanding of communist-era China.
China's rapid socioeconomic transformation of the past twenty years
has led to dramatic changes in its judicial system and legal
practices. As China becomes more powerful on the world stage, the
global community has dedicated more resources and attention to
understanding the country's evolving democratization, and
policymakers have identified the development of civil liberties and
long-term legal reforms as crucial for the nation's acceptance as a
global partner. Modern Chinese Legal Reform is designed as a legal
and political research tool to help English-speaking scholars
interpret the many recent changes to China's legal system.
Investigating subjects such as constitutional history, the
intersection of politics and law, democratization, civil legal
practices, and judicial mechanisms, the essays in this volume
situate current constitutional debates in the context of both the
country's ideology and traditions and the wider global community.
Editors Xiaobing Li and Qiang Fang bring together scholars from
multiple disciplines to provide a comprehensive and balanced look
at a difficult subject. Featuring newly available official sources
and interviews with Chinese administrators, judges, law-enforcement
officers, and legal experts, this essential resource enables
readers to view key events through the eyes of individuals who are
intimately acquainted with the challenges and successes of the past
twenty years.
In this book the authors offer their unique perspectives on the
important roles Chinese students and intellectuals played in the
shaping of the twentieth-century China. Their answers to these
pivotal questions explore new nationalistic spirit, modern
world-views, and willingness of self-sacrifice, which had
attributed to the spontaneous actions of the students as a "New
Culture" emerged during the May Fourth Movement. These articles
show how China nurtured these spontaneous student movements, even
though the Nationalist Party in the Republic of China and the
Communist Party in the People's Republic had exerted tight control
over schools. Both governments established organizations as well as
operations among students that effectively turned some of the
student movements into a political instrument by the parties for
their own agenda.
There are some serious concerns and critical questions about the
on-going minority protesting in China, such as Tibetan monks'
self-immolations, Muslims' suicide bombings, and Uyghur large-scale
demonstrations. Why are minorities such as the Uyghur dissatisfied,
when China is rising as a world power? What kind of struggle must
they go through to maintain their identity, heritage, and rights?
How does the government deal with this ethnic dissatisfaction and
minority riots? And what is ethnic China's future in the 21st
century? Ethnic China examines these issues from the perspective of
Chinese-American scholars from fields such as economics, political
science, criminal justice, law, anthropology, sociology, and
education. The contributors introduce and explore the theory and
practice of policy patterns, political systems, and social
institutions by identifying key issues in Chinese government,
society, and ethnic community contained within the larger framework
of the international sphere.Their endeavors move beyond the
existing scholarship and seek to spark new debates and proposed
solutions while reflecting on established schools of history,
religion, linguistics, and gender studies.
Evolution and Power: China's Struggle, Survival, and Success,
edited by Xiaobing Li and Xiansheng Tian, brings together scholars
from multiple disciplines to provide a comprehensive look at China
s rapid socio-economic transformation and the dramatic changes in
its political institution and culture. Investigating subjects such
as party history, leadership style, personality, political
movements, civil-military relations, intersection of politics and
law, and democratization, this volume situates current legitimacy
and constitutional debates in the context of both the country s
ideology, traditions, and the wider global community. The
contributors to this volume clarify key Chinese conceptual
frameworks to explain previous subjects that have been confusing or
neglected, offering case studies and policy analyses connected with
power struggles and political crises in China. A general pattern is
introduced and developed to illuminate contemporary problems with
government accountability, public opposition, and political
transparency. Evolution and Power provides essential scholarship on
China s political development and growth.
For years, a number of speech scientists tried to reveal the
mechanism of speech production based on observed acoustic signals
and/or articulatory movements, and proposed a number of theories on
the mechanism of speech production. However, most of them ignored
the intermidate process which were important for the understanding
of speech poduction - the motor commands and the activities of the
central neural system. It is because both of them are difficult to
be observed directly. This causes a gap between the linguistic
representation and the corresponding physical observation in those
theories. If we can uncover motor commands and activities of
central neural systems in speech production, we may bridge the gap
between linguistic representation and physical realization. This
book focus on uncovering the motor commands and introduces a
model-based approach to tackle this problem.
Sino-American Relations brings together high-quality research
articles in order to examine one aspect of the political mechanism
of modern China, from empire to the PRC: political initiatives to
root out corruption. Proceeding chronologically, the eleven
chapters explore modern political history through a particular
focus on the anti-corruption campaigns of early modern and modern
China. Our interdisciplinary analysis draws on methodologies from
several distinct fields, including political science, civil law,
and mass media. Such an analysis reveals the unique characteristics
of China's urbanization, which have transformed not only the
country, but also the CCP - from a rural-based totalitarian party
to a city-centered authoritarian party, and from a party of the
people to a party of powerful interest groups by 2002-2016.
Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Modern China collects essays from
the scholars in their fields and examines the ongoing corruption in
China by addressing this important topic from a historical
perspective through a cooperative interdisciplinary research effort
among Chinese-American scholars interested in the subject. Their
scholarship makes a significant contribution through multi-faceted
components from different fields such as history, economics,
political science, criminal justice, and popular culture. The
authors introduce and explore the theory and practice of policy
patterns, political systems, and social institutions by identifying
key issues in Chinese government and society contained within the
larger framework of the international sphere. This book describes a
historical transition when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
maintained its forceful control of cities while the middle class
reluctantly sacrificed its rights in exchange for retaining their
economic benefits. To survive market economy, the party leadership
became more flexible and was able to adapt to economic and social
change. The CCP governments in our research responded to the rising
demands and expectations of the society. They were willing and able
to cope with the middle class by making a few compromises and
following certain legal procedures in exchange for continuing
political support. These practical comprises characterized a new
political culture in PRC history since 1949. The book voices the
complaints and resentments in the cities, and interprets government
policies and legal practices. It emphasizes the consequence for
governance, human rights, and commercial rule of law, all of which
threatens the legitimacy of the CCP. It also suggests an important
evolution of the CCP. The reform movement since the 1980s has not
yet contributed significantly to the country's democratic
transformation or to its social stability. The leaders in the 1990s
focused on liberal economic reform while discouraging and even
stifling political reform. As a result, economic interest groups
successfully established an alliance with CCP officials to control
economic policy-making and to share political governance. In the
2010s, Chinese leaders have paid special attention to political
scandals, corruption, and mismanagement in the government and in
the Party.
Today 700 million Chinese citizens -- more than fifty-four percent
of the population -- live in cities. The mass migration of rural
populations to urban centers increased rapidly following economic
reforms of the 1990s, and serious problems such as overcrowding,
lack of health services, and substandard housing have arisen in
these areas since. China's urban citizens have taken to the courts
for redress and fought battles over failed urban renewal projects,
denial of civil rights, corruption, and abuse of power.In Power
versus Law in Modern China, Qiang Fang and Xiaobing Li examine four
important legal cases that took place from 1995 to 2013 in the
major cities of Wuhan, Xuzhou, Shanghai, and Chongqing. In these
cases, citizens protested demolition of property, as well as
corruption among city officials, developers, and landlords; but
were repeatedly denied protection or compensation from the courts.
Fang and Li explore how new interest groups comprised of
entrepreneurs and Chinese graduates of Western universities have
collaborated with the CCP-controlled local governments to create
new power bases in cities. Drawing on newly available official
sources, private collections, and interviews with Chinese
administrators, judges, litigants, petitioners, and legal experts,
this interdisciplinary analysis reveals the powerful and privileged
will most likely continue to exploit the legal asymmetry that
exists between the courts and citizens.
There are some serious concerns and critical questions about the
on-going minority protesting in China, such as Tibetan monks'
self-immolations, Muslims' suicide bombings, and Uyghur large-scale
demonstrations. Why are minorities such as the Uyghur dissatisfied,
when China is rising as a world power? What kind of struggle must
they go through to maintain their identity, heritage, and rights?
How does the government deal with this ethnic dissatisfaction and
minority riots? And what is ethnic China's future in the 21st
century? Ethnic China examines these issues from the perspective of
Chinese-American scholars from fields such as economics, political
science, criminal justice, law, anthropology, sociology, and
education. The contributors introduce and explore the theory and
practice of policy patterns, political systems, and social
institutions by identifying key issues in Chinese government,
society, and ethnic community contained within the larger framework
of the international sphere.Their endeavors move beyond the
existing scholarship and seek to spark new debates and proposed
solutions while reflecting on established schools of history,
religion, linguistics, and gender studies.
Evolution of Power: China's Struggle, Survival, and Success, edited
by Xiaobing Li and Xiansheng Tian, brings together scholars from
multiple disciplines to provide a comprehensive look at China's
rapid socio-economic transformation and the dramatic changes in its
political institution and culture. Investigating subjects such as
party history, leadership style, personality, political movements,
civil-military relations, intersection of politics and law, and
democratization, this volume situates current legitimacy and
constitutional debates in the context of both the country's
ideology and traditions and the wider global community. The
contributors to this volume clarify key Chinese conceptual
frameworks to explain previous subjects that have been confusing or
neglected, offering case studies and policy analyses connected with
power struggles and political crises in China. A general pattern is
introduced and developed to illuminate contemporary problems with
government accountability, public opposition, and political
transparency. Evolution of Power provides essential scholarship on
China's political development and growth.
While the Chinese urban movement has successfully transferred
surplus labor from the countryside to urban industries that
urgently require free and cheap labor, numerous problems have
arisen as a result of the unprecedented huge-scale process. Such
conditions such as overcrowding, substandard housing, lack of
social services, corruption, and abuse of power have often reached
crisis stage. American college students often ask: How does the
government control the largest urban population in the world? Why
do newly developed, highly commercialized cities continue to
support the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rather than challenging
the old regime? What happens when urban residents have problems
with a party-controlled government? This book, collects essays from
the best scholars in their fields and examines urban issues,
including identifying residents' concerns, analyzing policy
problems, and providing some answers to these pivotal questions.
They address this important topic from a Chinese-American
perspective through a cooperative interdisciplinary research effort
among Chinese-American scholars interested in the subject. Their
scholarship makes a significant contribution through multi-faceted
components from different fields such as economics, political
science, criminal justice, law, anthropology, sociology, and
education. The authors introduce and explore the theory and
practice of policy patterns, political systems, and social
institutions by identifying key issues in Chinese government and
society contained within the larger framework of the international
sphere. Originally from Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an, Tianjin, and
other cities in China, these authors have received training and
advanced degrees from American universities and colleges, thus
bringing uncommon perspective and conclusions by focusing on urban
studies specific to China. Their endeavors move beyond the existing
scholarship and seek to spark new debates and proposed solutions
while reflecting on established schools of history, religion,
linguistics, and gender studies. Crucial to this volume is the
assessment of historical and empirical data found in these essays
that place major events in the context of Chinese tradition, its
culture, and national security. Using comprehensive coverage to
create a broad and solid foundation of knowledge, this collection
presents a better understanding of the current Chinese metropolitan
climate and includes legitimate issues with city policy
implementation.
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