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Sympathetic afferent fibers originate from a visceral organ, course
in the thoracolumbar rami communicantes, have cell bodies located
in dorsal root ganglia, and terminate in the gray matter of the
spinal cord. Sympathetic afferent fibers from the heart transmit
information about noxious stimuli associated with myocardial
ischemia, i. e. angina pectoris. Previous reviews have described
the characteristics of cardiovascular sympathetic afferent fibers
(Bishop et al. 1983; Malliani 1982). This review summarizes that
work and focuses on the neural mechanisms underlying the
complexities of angina pectoris. In order to understand anginal
pain, cells forming the classical pain pathway, the spinothalamic
tract (STn, were chosen for study. These cells were chosen to
address questions about anginal pain because they transmit
nociceptive informa of pain. Antidromic tion to brain regions that
are involved in the perception activation of STT cells provided a
means of identifying cells involved with trans mission of
nociceptive information in anesthetized animals. Other ascending
pathways may also transmit nociceptive information, but many
studies show that the STT plays an important role. Visceral pain is
commonly referred to overlying somatic structures. The pain of
angina pectoris can be sensed over a wide area of the thorax: in
the retrosternal, precordial anterior thoracic, and anterior
cervical regions of the chest; in the left or sometimes even the
right shoulder, arm, wrist, or hand; or in the jaw and teeth
(Harrison and Reeves 1968)."
Each Oklahoma Notes book presents the core information of one
segment of the medical school curriculum. Written by some of the
most effective medical educators in the U.S., and now thoroughly
updated and revised, the Oklahoma Notes feature: Concise text
presented in outline format for rapid review; contents oriented to
promote success; self-assessment questions; and more tables and
figures designed to facilitate self-assessment and review.
This review covers the major systems of human physiology. The
review is not ex haustive; it assumes that the student has
completed a course in human physiology and wishes to refresh their
memory in preparing for an examination. The student is advised to
refer to a competent textbook several times in this review. This
book is a revised version of a review book used by our medical
students for over ten years. Coverage of the various topics in
physiology is comparable to the percentage of questions on those
topics in recent National Board, Part I examinations. Review
questions follow every few pages of text in order to monitor your
under standing of the just preceding material. The multiple choice
questions are mainly of the two conventional types; "single best
answer" questions, for which you choose the single best answer, and
"multiple correct answer" questions, for which you choose the one
or more correct alternatives. The two multiple choice formats have
been standardized throughout the book."
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