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The present volume covers the physiology of the visual system
beyond the optic nerve. It is a continuation of the two preceding
parts on the photochemistry and the physiology of the eye, and
forms a bridge from them to the fourth part on visual
psychophysics. These fields have all developed as independent
speciali ties and need integrating with each other. The processing
of visual information in the brain cannot be understood without
some knowledge of the preceding mechanisms in the photoreceptor
organs. There are two fundamental reasons, ontogenetic and
functional, why this is so: 1) the retina of the vertebrate eye has
developed from a specialized part of the brain; 2) in processing
their data the eyes follow physiological principles similar to the
visual brain centres. Peripheral and central functions should also
be discussed in context with their final synthesis in subjective
experience, i. e. visual perception. Microphysiology and
ultramicroscopy have brought new insights into the neuronal basis
of vision. These investigations began in the periphery: HARTLINE'S
pioneering experiments on single visual elements of Limulus in 1932
started a successful period of neuronal recordings which ascended
from the retina to the highest centres in the visual brain. In the
last two decades modern electron microscopic techniques and
photochemical investigations of single photoreceptors further
contributed to vision research."
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