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Everyday conversations including gossip, boasting, flirting, teasing, and informative discussions are highly creative, improvised interactions. Children's play is also an important, often improvisational activity. One of the most improvisational games among 3- to 5-year-old children is social pretend play--also called fantasy play, sociodramatic play, or role play. Children's imaginations have free reign during pretend play. Conversations in these play episodes are far more improvisational than the average adult conversation. Because pretend play occurs in a dramatized, fantasy world, it is less constrained by social and physical reality. This book adds to our understanding of preschoolers' pretend play by examining it in the context of a theory of improvisational performance genres. This theory, derived from in-depth analyses of the implicit and explicit rules of theatrical improvisation, proves to generalize to pretend play as well. The two genres share several characteristics: * There is no script; they are created in the moment. * There are loose outlines of structure which guide the performance. * They are collective; no one person decides what will happen. Because group improvisational genres are collective and unscripted, improvisational creativity is a collective social process. The pretend play literature states that this improvisational behavior is most prevalent during the same years that many other social and cognitive skills are developing. Children between the ages of 3 and 5 begin to develop representations of their own and others' mental states as well as learn to represent and construct narratives. Freudian psychologists and other personality theorists have identified these years as critical in the development of the personality. The author believes that if we can demonstrate that children's improvisational abilities develop during these years--and that their fantasy improvisations become more complex and creative--it might suggest that these social skills are linked to the child's developing ability to improvise with other creative performers.
Understanding phytochemical-gene interactions provides the basis for individualized therapies to promote health as well as prevent and treat disease. The authors of Phytochemicals: Nutrient-Gene Interactions examine the interactions between phytochemicals and the human genome and discuss the impact these interactions have on health, aging, and chronic conditions such as inflammation, heart disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Keeping pace with the most important trends in phytochemical research, the authors accentuate the latest understanding on the use of controlled clinical trials, new screening technologies, and the completed human genome project for researching the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of phytochemicals. The book covers a balanced range of topics beginning with experimental strategies and methodologies for identifying significant interactions between diet, genetic variants, and different markers of cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and obesity. Different authors explain the mechanisms of protective action that link diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fats, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains with a decreased risk of chronic and degenerative diseases. They also review and summarize epidemiological research on plant-based foods and dietary patterns supporting the beneficial role of phytochemicals in health promotion and disease prevention. Phytochemicals: Nutrient-Gene Interactions illustrates the growing role of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in disease prevention and in the responsible development of safe and effective phytochemical products within the food, pharmaceutical, and supplement industries.
Revolution and Its Past is a comprehensive study of China from the last quarter of the eighteenth century through to 2018. A fascinating and dramatic narrative, the book compels interest both as a history of an ancient civilization developing into a modern nation-state and as an account of how the Chinese as a people have struggled and continue to work to find their identity in the modern world. Beginning in the last two decades of the reign of the Qianlong emperor (1736-1795), the book provides a baseline that allows readers to understand China's rapid decline in the nineteenth and part of the twentieth century, and extends into the present day, a time when China has the second largest economy in the world and aims to become a leading global power by 2050. The vast changes that have swept over China between these times are probed through the lens of the broad and important theme of "identities." This fourth edition has been updated throughout, providing a more thorough examination of recent history since 1960, and increasing coverage of such topics as "new Qing history," frontier and ethnicity, women and their roles, environmental concerns and issues, and globalization. Supported by maps, images, tables, online eResources and suggestions for further reading, and written in an engaging, concise, and authoritative style, Revolution and Its Past is the ideal textbook for all students of the history of modern China.
The fastest growing demographic in both developed and developing societies around the world, the elderly bring unique medical and financial health-care burdens. In response to this phenomenon, a large and growing body of research is directed toward the science of healthy aging. A substantial amount of observational data points to the consumption of a plant-based diet as a factor in lowering the risk of multiple chronic degenerative age-related diseases. The 6th International Phytochemical Conference, Phytochemicals: Aging and Health, focused on the particular concerns of nutrition in the aging population, as well as new aspects of research methodology, real-world applications, and updates or expansions of previously introduced topics. Drawn from the illustrious panel of scientists and researchers who spoke at the conference, Phytochemicals: Aging and Health begins by highlighting the prevailing theories on aging, including dietary manipulation and the role of phytochemical medicinals or supplements in health. Contributions present state-of-the-art methodologies for polyphenolic analysis, bioavailability, and metabolism-crucial tools that answer pressing questions such as "are there age related changes in flavonoid bioavailability?" The following chapters provide research results on botanicals and inflammation, green tea formulations and skin health, and the effects of phytochemicals on vision, brain function, and cardiovascular disease. The book concludes with forward-looking discussions on applying nutrient-gene interaction research findings to individual dietary recommendations, along with the step-by-step process to commercialize botanical products for allergy relief. Continuing to introduce the highest-quality, groundbreaking research, Phytochemicals: Aging and Health provides pragmatic information for food companies, supplement manufacturers, and researchers interested in developing functional foods and nutraceuticals for the aging population.
"Group Creativity" explores the unique form of creativity that
emerges from collaborating groups. Dr. Sawyer draws on his studies
of jazz ensembles and improvisational theater groups to develop a
model of creative group processes. He applies this model of group
creativity to a wide range of collaborating groups, including group
learning in classrooms and innovative teams in organizations.
"Group Creativity" explores the unique form of creativity that
emerges from collaborating groups. Dr. Sawyer draws on his studies
of jazz ensembles and improvisational theater groups to develop a
model of creative group processes. He applies this model of group
creativity to a wide range of collaborating groups, including group
learning in classrooms and innovative teams in organizations.
Everyday conversations including gossip, boasting, flirting,
teasing, and informative discussions are highly creative,
"improvised" interactions. Children's play is also an important,
often improvisational activity. One of the most improvisational
games among 3- to 5-year-old children is "social pretend
play"--also called fantasy play, sociodramatic play, or role play.
Children's imaginations have free reign during pretend play.
Conversations in these play episodes are far more improvisational
than the average adult conversation. Because pretend play occurs in
a dramatized, fantasy world, it is less constrained by social and
physical reality.
Revolution and Its Past is a comprehensive study of China from the last quarter of the eighteenth century through to 2018. A fascinating and dramatic narrative, the book compels interest both as a history of an ancient civilization developing into a modern nation-state and as an account of how the Chinese as a people have struggled and continue to work to find their identity in the modern world. Beginning in the last two decades of the reign of the Qianlong emperor (1736-1795), the book provides a baseline that allows readers to understand China's rapid decline in the nineteenth and part of the twentieth century, and extends into the present day, a time when China has the second largest economy in the world and aims to become a leading global power by 2050. The vast changes that have swept over China between these times are probed through the lens of the broad and important theme of "identities." This fourth edition has been updated throughout, providing a more thorough examination of recent history since 1960, and increasing coverage of such topics as "new Qing history," frontier and ethnicity, women and their roles, environmental concerns and issues, and globalization. Supported by maps, images, tables, online eResources and suggestions for further reading, and written in an engaging, concise, and authoritative style, Revolution and Its Past is the ideal textbook for all students of the history of modern China.
About This Book This book is meant to be used by beginning graduate students. It covers basic material needed by any student of algebra, and is essential to those specializing in ring theory, homological algebra, representation theory and K-theory, among others. It will also be of interest to students of algebraic topology, functional analysis, differential geometry and number theory. Our approach is more homological than ring-theoretic, as this leads the to many important areas of mathematics. This ap student more quickly proach is also, we believe, cleaner and easier to understand. However, the more classical, ring-theoretic approach, as well as modern extensions, are also presented via several exercises and sections in Chapter Five. We have tried not to leave any gaps on the paths to proving the main theorem- at most we ask the reader to fill in details for some of the sideline results; indeed this can be a fruitful way of solidifying one's understanding."
Increasing knowledge of the various protective effects of phytochemicals has sparked interest in further understanding their role in human health. Phytochemicals: Health Promotion and Therapeutic Potential is the seventh in a series representing the emerging science with respect to plant-based chemicals. Drawn from the proceedings at the Seventh International Phytochemical Conference, Phytochemicals: Health Promotion and Therapeutic Potential, the book contains chapters written by conference presenters along with those of additional invited authors whose research focuses on the biological activities and clinical outcomes associated with phytochemical consumption. The book begins with a discussion of major research that has contributed to the widespread interest in phytochemicals and health promotion. This is followed by an exploration of the beneficial effects of polyphenols in healthy aging and against a host of illnesses and disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and ulcers. The contributors also examine various aspects of phytochemicals related to bone and brain health, obesity, and metabolic disease. The book concludes by presenting methodologies for assessing the bioavailability of carotenoids and offers additional insight into Momordica cochichinensis Spreng, a fruit not commonly known in the Western world and a rich source of lycopene and beta-carotene. While promising advancements have been made in this field, opportunities for progress still exist concerning bioavailability, efficacy, genomics, and synergistic mechanisms. This book is destined to stimulate increased interest in research regarding these compounds, their biological activities, and the application of these findings to therapeutic alternatives.
The fastest growing demographic in both developed and developing societies around the world, the elderly bring unique medical and financial health-care burdens. In response to this phenomenon, a large and growing body of research is directed toward the science of healthy aging. A substantial amount of observational data points to the consumption of a plant-based diet as a factor in lowering the risk of multiple chronic degenerative age-related diseases. The 6th International Phytochemical Conference, Phytochemicals: Aging and Health, focused on the particular concerns of nutrition in the aging population, as well as new aspects of research methodology, real-world applications, and updates or expansions of previously introduced topics. Drawn from the illustrious panel of scientists and researchers who spoke at the conference, Phytochemicals: Aging and Health begins by highlighting the prevailing theories on aging, including dietary manipulation and the role of phytochemical medicinals or supplements in health. Contributions present state-of-the-art methodologies for polyphenolic analysis, bioavailability, and metabolism-crucial tools that answer pressing questions such as "are there age related changes in flavonoid bioavailability?" The following chapters provide research results on botanicals and inflammation, green tea formulations and skin health, and the effects of phytochemicals on vision, brain function, and cardiovascular disease. The book concludes with forward-looking discussions on applying nutrient-gene interaction research findings to individual dietary recommendations, along with the step-by-step process to commercialize botanical products for allergy relief. Continuing to introduce the highest-quality, groundbreaking research, Phytochemicals: Aging and Health provides pragmatic information for food companies, supplement manufacturers, and researchers interested in developing functional foods and nutraceuticals for the aging population.
Concentrating on the "nuts and bolts" of writing ray tracing programs, this new and revised edition emphasizes practical and implementation issues and takes the reader through all the details needed to write a modern rendering system. Most importantly, the book adds many C++ code segments, and adds new details to provide the reader with a better intuitive understanding of ray tracing algorithms.
This book is an introduction to the theory of noncommutative algebra. The core of the book is suitable for a one-semester course for graduate students. The approach, which is more homological than ring-theoretic, clarifies the subject and its relation to other important areas of mathematics, including K-theory, homological algebra, and representation theory. The main part of the book begins with a brief review of background material; the first chapter covers the basics of semisimple modules and rings, including the Wedderburn structure theorem; chapter two discusses the Jacobson radical, giving several different views; chapter three develops the theory of central simple algebras, including proofs of the Skolem-Noether and Double Centralizer theorems, with two famous theorems of Wedderburn and Frobenius given as applications; and chapter four is an introduction to the Brauer group and its relation to cohomology. The remaining chapters introduce several special topics: the notion of primitive ring is developed along lines parallel to that of simple rings; the representation theory of finite groups is combined with the Wedderburn Structure Theorem to prove Burnside's Theorem; the global dimension of a ring is studied using Kaplansky's elementary point of view; and the Brauer group of a commutative ring is introduced. Problems throughout the book provide concrete examples, applications and amplifications of the text; a set of supplementary problems explores further topics and can serve as starting points for student projects.
Understanding phytochemical-gene interactions provides the basis for individualized therapies to promote health as well as prevent and treat disease. The authors of Phytochemicals: Nutrient-Gene Interactions examine the interactions between phytochemicals and the human genome and discuss the impact these interactions have on health, aging, and chronic conditions such as inflammation, heart disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Keeping pace with the most important trends in phytochemical research, the authors accentuate the latest understanding on the use of controlled clinical trials, new screening technologies, and the completed human genome project for researching the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of phytochemicals. The book covers a balanced range of topics beginning with experimental strategies and methodologies for identifying significant interactions between diet, genetic variants, and different markers of cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and obesity. Different authors explain the mechanisms of protective action that link diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fats, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains with a decreased risk of chronic and degenerative diseases. They also review and summarize epidemiological research on plant-based foods and dietary patterns supporting the beneficial role of phytochemicals in health promotion and disease prevention. Phytochemicals: Nutrient-Gene Interactions illustrates the growing role of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in disease prevention and in the responsible development of safe and effective phytochemical products within the food, pharmaceutical, and supplement industries.
The Japanese invasion of Shanghai in 1937 led some thirty million Chinese to flee their homes in terror, and live in the words of artist and writer Feng Zikai in a sea of bitterness as refugees. Keith Schoppa paints a comprehensive picture of the refugee experience in one province Zhejiang, on the central Chinese coast where the Japanese launched major early offensives as well as notorious later campaigns. He recounts stories of both heroes and villains, of choices poorly made amid war s bewildering violence, of risks bravely taken despite an almost palpable quaking fear. As they traveled south into China s interior, refugees stepped backward in time, sometimes as far as the nineteenth century, their journeys revealing the superficiality of China s modernization. Memoirs and oral histories allow Schoppa to follow the footsteps of the young and old, elite and non-elite, as they fled through unfamiliar terrain and coped with unimaginable physical and psychological difficulties. Within the context of Chinese culture, being forced to leave home was profoundly threatening to one s sense of identity. Not just people but whole institutions also fled from Japanese occupation, and Schoppa considers schools, governments, and businesses as refugees with narratives of their own. Local governments responded variously to Japanese attacks, from enacting scorched-earth policies to offering rewards for the capture of plague-infected rats in the aftermath of germ warfare. While at times these official procedures improved the situation for refugees, more often as Schoppa describes in moving detail they only deepened the tragedy.
Never before had any century in history known the continually accelerating rate and scope of change experienced in the twentieth century - with its revolutionary discoveries, technological inventions, political upheaval, and scientific advances, radical transformation touched virtually every arena of life. In The Twentieth Century: A World History, R. Keith Schoppa uses a global lens spanning Africa, the Middle East, Russia, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and the Americas. He traces the major developments of the twentieth century from the rise of globalization to the dawn of the digital age; from the Great War of 1914-18 to the "great war in Africa," conflicts that span the first genocide of the century in Namibia to that of Bosnia-Kosovo in the late 1990s. It was the "century of the refugee," as the explosion of human violence caused significant population displacement-and it was also the century of indigenous peoples fighting off the lingering impacts of imperialism. This volume surveys various U.S. struggles in battles for civil rights, and witnesses the 1992 collapse of Soviet communism. The century ended in a spasm of violence: four African and European national genocides and the African war, one of the ten deadliest in history, involving nine nations, leaving 6 million dead and 5.4 million refugees. From the collapse of empires to the rise of decolonized nation-states on the global stage, The Twentieth Century: A World History offers a rich chronological narrative of our recent past and provides a valuable historical standpoint from which to view our twenty-first century world.
The first book devoted exclusively to the spectroscope and its use in gemstone identification. Until 1933 the refractometer and the microscope were the two principal tools in gem testing. Then B.W. Anderson introduced the hand spectroscope which quickly became the third vital instrument for the UK gemmologist. The publication of Anderson's papers in the mid-1950s alerted gem laboratories worldwide to the importance of this instrument. Today its use is universal. Anderson and his lifelong colleague, Payne, both of the world's first full-time gemmological laboratory, were the pioneers in recognizing the vast potential of the spectroscope for this purpose, and The Spectroscope and Gemmology, as the extensively edited, updated and enlarged version of Anderson’s original papers, provides a vital textbook wherever gemmology is used or taught. The distinguished gemmologist R. Keith Mitchell has undertaken the editing and has added chapters on the Pye spectrophotometer and on lasers. He has also reproduced new line drawings of spectra in three aspects to accommodate the prism instrument in both the British version and in that favoured by American gemmologists, and in another version as seen through the diffraction grating instrument. Written for gemmologists everywhere and incorporating the latest developments this book will prove indispensable to all engaged in gemstone identification.
No matter which industry a company is a part of, its profitability,
like its products, is driven by the reliability and performance of
its plant(s). The fundamentals for maintenance found in this volume
are applicable to a multitude of industries: power, process,
materials, manufacturing, transportation, communication, and many
others. This book shows the engineer how to select, install,
maintain, and troubleshoot critical plant machinery, equipment, and
systems.
In a single useful volume, Vibration Fundamentals explains the
basic theory, applications, and benefits of vibration analysis,
which is the dominant predictive maintenance technique used with
maintenance management programs.
China, the world's oldest and most populous state, remains an enigma to most people in the West, even at a time when that country is playing an increasingly prominent role on the international stage. At the heart of modern Chinese history have been the efforts of the Chinese people to transform their polity into a modern nation state, the Confucian orthodoxy into an ideology that can help direct that process, and an agrarian economy into an industrial one. These efforts are ongoing and of great importance. This book is both an introduction to the major features of modern Chinese history and a resource for researchers interested in virtually any topic relating to the Chinese experience of the last 220 years. This valuable reference contains: - a historical narrative providing a comprehensive overview of five core aspects of Chinese history: domestic politics, society, the economy, the world of culture and thought, and relations with the outside world; - a compendium of 250 short, descriptive articles on key figures, events, and terms; - a resource guide containing approximately 500 annotated entries for the most authoritative sources for further research in English, as well as descriptions of important films depicting modern China and a guide to electronic resources; and - appendices, including a chronology, excerpts from key primary source documents, and a wealth of tables and graphs on demographic, social, and economic trends.
The first book devoted exclusively to the spectroscope Until 1933 the refractometer and the microscope were the two principal tools in gem testing. Then B.W. Anderson introduced the hand spectroscope which quickly became the third vital instrument for the UK gemmologist. The publication of Anderson s papers in the mid-1950s alerted gem laboratories worldwide to the importance of this instrument. Today its use is universal. Anderson and his lifelong colleague, Payne, both of the world s first full-time gemmological laboratory, were the pioneers in recognizing the vast potential of the spectroscope for this purpose, and The Spectroscope and Gemmology, as the extensively edited, updated and enlarged version of Anderson s original papers, provides a vital textbook wherever gemmology is used or taught. The distinguished gemmologist R. Keith Mitchell has undertaken the editing and has added chapters on the Pye spectrophotometer and on lasers. He has also reproduced new line drawings of spectra in three aspects to accommodate the prism instrument in both the British version and in that favoured by American gemmologists, and in another version as seen through the diffraction grating instrument. Written for gemmologists everywhere and incorporating the latest developments this book will prove indispensable to all engaged in gemstone identification.
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