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In the ten years since the scientific rationale for the design,
synthesis and application of inorganic and organometallic polymers
(IOPs) was first conceptualised, we have witnessed the first
tentative exploration of IOPs as precursors to new materials, with
efforts focusing on the design and synthesis of novel ceramic
precursors. Developing expertise led to precursor studies combined
with the characterisation of the transformation processes that
occur when IOPs are converted to ceramic materials. Now at
maturity, the science presented in this volume reveals the polymer
precursor approach to materials synthesis together with examples of
processing ceramic shapes for a range of mechanical properties, the
development of sophisticated, noninvasive analytical techniques,
and IOP design rationales relying on well-defined
processing-property relationships. The production of
multifunctional IOPs is described, providing ion conductivity, gas
sensing, bioactivity, magnetic properties, etc., combined with
processability. The existence of well-defined IOPs and the
exquisite control that can be exerted on sol-gel systems now
provide access to such a variety of mixed organic-organometallic
and/or inorganic hybrid systems that their exploitation is likely
to develop into an entirely new field of materials chemistry.
Future exciting avenues of research are also being opened up with
the advent of buckyballs, Met-Cars, dopable preceramics, rigid-rod
organometallics, and molecular tinkertoys.
Only in the past decade, has the scientific and industrial
community come to realize the potential utility offered by
inorganic and organometallic polymers (lOPs) for a wide variety of
applications. This potential is especially important for
applications requiring multifunctional polymers, e.g. for smart
materials, nanotechnology, biomimetic systems (neural networks),
photonics, etc; lOPs with special properties. The breadth of
perfor- mance requirements for the individual areas of application
is enormous as are the problems pertaining to generating low cost,
high performance, processable lOPs. This book represents the third
in a series of books we have edited on inorganic and organometallic
polymer chemistry (1. Transfonnation of Organometallics into Common
and Exotic Materials, NATO ASI Series Vol 141. 2. Inorganic and
Organometallic Oligo- mers and Polymers, Kluwer publications). In
this series, we have attempted to identify important trends that
help to define for the reader; the potential scope of lOP science
as well as the problems that must be surmounted to realize this
potential. The focus of the work presented in the following
chapters is primarily on the relationships between lOPs and solid
state materials with special properties, e.g. conducting, magnetic,
photonic and structural materials.
Although, carbon is only one of one hundred plus elements, the
polymer science lit erature consists primarily of studies on carbon
based polymers. In part, this reflects the varied feedstock sources
and in part, the type of bonds and bond forming reactions avail
able to form organic polymers that are not available to the
inorganic and organometallic chemist. However, recent intense
interest in polymers with novel optical, electronic or magnetic
properties or polymers that can serve as precursors to ceramic,
semiconductor, metallic or superconductor materials has served as a
driver for the development of novel synthetic routes and
characterization techniques that have launched many new inorganic
and organometallic oligomers and polymer systems. The following
chapters represent an effort to provide an overview of several new
and continuing areas of development in inorganic and organometallic
polymer science. This book represents the second in a series of
books we have edited on inorganic and organometallic polymer
chemistry (1. Transformation of Organo-metallics into Common and
Exotic Materials, NATO ASI Series Vol 141. 3. Inorganic and
Organometallic Polymers with Special Properties, NATO ASI Series in
press). In this series, we attempt to develop, for the reader, an
understanding of the breadth, depth and potential of inorganic and
organometallic polymer science."
The design, -synthesis, and selective pyrolytic conversion of
organo metallic precursdrs to materials of high purity or specific
morphology (for electronic or optical applications), high strength
and/or high-temperature stability (for structural or refractory
applications) represents a poten tial area of extreme growth at the
overlap of chemistry and materials science (materials chemistry).
Research in this area is likely to have considerable impact at both
the academic and societal levels because it will require
development of scientific expertise in areas currently not well
understood. Examples include: (1) The thermodynamics of molecular
rearrangements in organometallic molecules at temperatures above
200 DegreesC; (2) The electronic properties of amorphous ceramic
materials; (3) The phys icochemical properties of ceramic molecular
composites; and (4) The optical properties of multicomponent
glasses made by sol-gel processing. The opportunity to establish
the scientific principles needed to pursue useful research goals in
"materials chemistry" requires communica tion between chemists,
ceramists, metallurgists, and physicists. To date, there have been
few opportunities to create an environment where such communication
might occur. The objective of this NATO Advanced Research Workshop
was to promote discussions between experts in the varibus disci
plines aligned with "materials chemistry. " These discussions were
intended to identify the scope and potential rewards of research
efforts in the development of: Custom-designed precursors to common
and exotic materials, methods of selectively transforming these
precursors in high yield to the desired material, and methods of
characterizing the final products.
In the ten years since the scientific rationale for the design,
synthesis and application of inorganic and organometallic polymers
(IOPs) was first conceptualised, we have witnessed the first
tentative exploration of IOPs as precursors to new materials, with
efforts focusing on the design and synthesis of novel ceramic
precursors. Developing expertise led to precursor studies combined
with the characterisation of the transformation processes that
occur when IOPs are converted to ceramic materials. Now at
maturity, the science presented in this volume reveals the polymer
precursor approach to materials synthesis together with examples of
processing ceramic shapes for a range of mechanical properties, the
development of sophisticated, noninvasive analytical techniques,
and IOP design rationales relying on well-defined
processing-property relationships. The production of
multifunctional IOPs is described, providing ion conductivity, gas
sensing, bioactivity, magnetic properties, etc., combined with
processability. The existence of well-defined IOPs and the
exquisite control that can be exerted on sol-gel systems now
provide access to such a variety of mixed organic-organometallic
and/or inorganic hybrid systems that their exploitation is likely
to develop into an entirely new field of materials chemistry.
Future exciting avenues of research are also being opened up with
the advent of buckyballs, Met-Cars, dopable preceramics, rigid-rod
organometallics, and molecular tinkertoys.
Although, carbon is only one of one hundred plus elements, the
polymer science lit erature consists primarily of studies on carbon
based polymers. In part, this reflects the varied feedstock sources
and in part, the type of bonds and bond forming reactions avail
able to form organic polymers that are not available to the
inorganic and organometallic chemist. However, recent intense
interest in polymers with novel optical, electronic or magnetic
properties or polymers that can serve as precursors to ceramic,
semiconductor, metallic or superconductor materials has served as a
driver for the development of novel synthetic routes and
characterization techniques that have launched many new inorganic
and organometallic oligomers and polymer systems. The following
chapters represent an effort to provide an overview of several new
and continuing areas of development in inorganic and organometallic
polymer science. This book represents the second in a series of
books we have edited on inorganic and organometallic polymer
chemistry (1. Transformation of Organo-metallics into Common and
Exotic Materials, NATO ASI Series Vol 141. 3. Inorganic and
Organometallic Polymers with Special Properties, NATO ASI Series in
press). In this series, we attempt to develop, for the reader, an
understanding of the breadth, depth and potential of inorganic and
organometallic polymer science."
Since the beginning of the nanotechnology era, research and
development in this field has experienced an explosive growth in
academia and industry. Topics covered in this book include
synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials, nanoscale
phenomena in electronic ceramics, nanostructured bioceramics,
industrial development and application, and much more.
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