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Holywell Coombe, an embayment in the chalk scarp overlooking
Folkestone, Kent, was designated a geological Site of Special
Scientific Interest in 1985 because it contains richly
fossiliferous Late Quaternary sediments providing a unique archive
of the last 13,000 years. The construction of the Channel Tunnel
across the Holywell Coombe SSSI brought about a major rescue
excavation, funded by Eurotunnel, that set an important precedent
in Earth Science conservation. This multidisciplinary investigation
has added enormously to our understanding of the environment and
natural history of the Late-glacial and Holocene. The climatic
complexity of the Late-glacial is recorded in the nature of the
sediments, the fossils recovered from them and the soils developed
within them. From the Neolithic, and especially during the Early
Bronze Age, the slopes were destabilized as a result of forest
clearance, leading to the accumulation of hillwash. Archaeological
excavations in the hillwash have revealed evidence of prehistoric
occupation and agricultural activity in the coombe. Eurotunnel also
funded biological surveys of the local terrestrial and aquatic
habitats. Combining these with the fossil evidence, it has been
possible to document the pedigree of our present fauna and flora,
providing one of the most detailed and comprehensive studies of its
kind. With contributions from eminent Quaternary scientists from
several countries, this work will be an important resource for
researchers, lecturers and postgraduate students in Quaternary
sciences - geology, geography, biology, ecology and archaeology -
as well as for government bodies concerned with nature conservation
and environmental protection.
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