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Valorization of Wastes for Sustainable Development: Waste to Wealth
highlights the various valorization of organic and non-organic
waste to offer a way forward to a sustainable world. Categorizing
the various types of waste valorization for renewable fuel
production and other valorizations utilizing organic and
non-organic waste, this book offers the reader a comprehensive view
of various waste valorizations together with their potential
applications. Split into four sections, the book's chapters cover
the general scenarios and challenges of current waste management
and the valorization of waste specifically for renewable fuels as
the alternative energy source to depleting fossil fuels. Other
chapters cover waste valorizations categorized into organic and
non-organic waste for various applications and the future prospect
of waste valorizations with possible plans and strategies for
effective global waste management.
Charge density analysis of materials provides a firm basis for the
evaluation of the properties of materials. The design and
engineering of a new combination of metals requires a firm
knowledge of intermolecular features. Recent advances in technology
and high-speed computation have made the crystal X-ray diffraction
technique a unique tool for the determination of charge density
distribution in molecular crystal. Methods have been developed to
make experimental probes capable of unraveling the features of
charge densities in the intra- and inter-molecular regions of
crystal structures. In Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental
Analysis, the structural details of materials are elucidated with
the X-ray diffraction technique. Analyses of the charge density and
the local and average structure are given to reveal the structural
properties of technologically important materials. Readers will
gain a new understanding of the local and average structure of
existing materials. The electron density, bonding, and charge
transfer studies in Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental
Analysis contain useful information for researchers in the fields
of physics, chemistry, materials science, and metallurgy. The
properties described in these studies can contribute to the
successful engineering of these technologically important
materials.
Climate predictions - and the computer models behind them - play a
key role in shaping public opinion and our response to the climate
crisis. Some people interpret these predictions as 'prophecies of
doom' and some others dismiss them as mere speculation, but the
vast majority are only vaguely aware of the science behind them.
This book gives a balanced view of the strengths and limitations of
climate modeling. It covers historical developments, current
challenges, and future trends in the field. The accessible
discussion of climate modeling only requires a basic knowledge of
science. Uncertainties in climate predictions and their
implications for assessing climate risk are analyzed, as are the
computational challenges faced by future models. The book concludes
by highlighting the dangers of climate 'doomism', while also making
clear the value of predictive models, and the severe and very real
risks posed by anthropogenic climate change.
Climate predictions - and the computer models behind them - play a
key role in shaping public opinion and our response to the climate
crisis. Some people interpret these predictions as 'prophecies of
doom' and some others dismiss them as mere speculation, but the
vast majority are only vaguely aware of the science behind them.
This book gives a balanced view of the strengths and limitations of
climate modeling. It covers historical developments, current
challenges, and future trends in the field. The accessible
discussion of climate modeling only requires a basic knowledge of
science. Uncertainties in climate predictions and their
implications for assessing climate risk are analyzed, as are the
computational challenges faced by future models. The book concludes
by highlighting the dangers of climate 'doomism', while also making
clear the value of predictive models, and the severe and very real
risks posed by anthropogenic climate change.
Charge density analysis of materials provides a firm basis for the
evaluation of the properties of materials. The design and
engineering of a new combination of metals requires a firm
knowledge of intermolecular features. Recent advances in technology
and high-speed computation have made the crystal X-ray diffraction
technique a unique tool for the determination of charge density
distribution in molecular crystal. Methods have been developed to
make experimental probes capable of unraveling the features of
charge densities in the intra- and inter-molecular regions of
crystal structures. In Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental
Analysis, the structural details of materials are elucidated with
the X-ray diffraction technique. Analyses of the charge density and
the local and average structure are given to reveal the structural
properties of technologically important materials. Readers will
gain a new understanding of the local and average structure of
existing materials. The electron density, bonding, and charge
transfer studies in Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental
Analysis contain useful information for researchers in the fields
of physics, chemistry, materials science, and metallurgy. The
properties described in these studies can contribute to the
successful engineering of these technologically important
materials.
Nanostructured materials, especially, 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures,
and their engineered architectures are being increasingly used due
to their potential to achieve sustainable development in energy and
environmental sectors, providing a solution to a range of global
challenges. A huge amount of research has been devoted in the
recent past on the fine-tuning of nano-architecutres to accomplish
innovations in energy storage and conversions, i.e., batteries,
supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and electrochromic
devices, bifunctional catalysts for ORR and OER, gas to fuels,
liquid to fuels, and photocatalysts, corrosion, electrochemical
sensors, and pollution and contaminants removal. Nanomaterials for
Sustainable Energy and Environmental Remediation describes the
fundamental aspects of a diverse range of nanomaterials for the
sustainable development in energy and environmental remediation in
a comprehensive manner. Experimental studies of varies
nanomaterials will be discussed along with their design and
applications, with specific attention to various chemical reactions
involving and their challenges for catalysis, energy storage and
conversion systems, and removal of pollutants are addressed. This
book will also emphasise the challenges with past developments and
direction for further research, details pertaining to the current
ground - breaking technology and future perspective with
multidisciplinary approach on energy, nanobiotechnology and
environmental science
The field of gastrointestinal biology has been transformed by an
explosion of knowledge for gastrointestinal motility, absorption,
and secretion. The chapters in this book summarise the methods of
molecular biology and the cell biology of gut enzymes, secreting
cells and cells that respond to these enzymes. This book is a
valuable reference for students, researchers and faculties of
gastrointestinal motility, absorption and secretion. No other
single source covers this field so comprehensively. It contains a
considerable amount of detail on subjects such as gut hormones, gut
malabsorption, alcohol toxicity on the stomach and methods used in
physiologic study of the digestive tract. Disease conditions are
discussed only to the extent that they illustrate physiologic
mechanisms. It is difficult for such a comprehensive work to remain
up to date for very long, considering how rapidly our knowledge of
life sciences expands. This book, a comprehensive treatise on the
causes, diagnosis, and management of gastrointestinal-motility
disorders, consists of eighteen chapters with extensive references
contained in slightly fewer than 300 pages. It achieves its goal
through generally lucid writing and the overlap of information from
chapter to chapter commonly observed in multi-authored works.
Therefore, the reader is best advised to go through this book in a
relaxed manner; this will allow them to finish it in a relatively
short amount of time and appreciate the field of gastrointestinal
motility, particularly current practices and research methods for
solving its many riddles. All the chapters are clearly written, but
the target audience seems to vary from medical students to
practicing gastroenterologists. Despite these drawbacks,
gastroenterologists, surgeons, and basic scientists wishing to
bring their general knowledge of clinical motility disorders up to
date will find this book useful.
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