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It is now well recognised that many environments considered by man
to be extreme are colonised by micro-organisms which are
specifically adapted to these ecological niches. These organisms
not only survive but actively grow under such conditions. A diverse
range of bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae and yeasts has now been
isolated from these habitats which are extreme in terms
oftemperature, pH, salinity and pressure as well as species which
are resistant to radiation and toxic chemicals. Whilst originally
considered to be mere 'scientific curiosities', it is now generally
accepted that many have con siderable biotechnological and
commercial significance. Recently the term 'extremophile' has been
used to describe these organisms. Over the past twenty years
extensive studies of the ecology, physiology, taxonomy and
molecular biology of these micro-organisms have been undertaken.
These have resulted in a complete reassessment of our concept
ofmicrobial evolution. The identification ofthe Archaeobacteria as
the third kingdom ofliving organisms has given considerable impetus
to extremophile research and is presenting many new challenges."
The overall aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive review
of the current understanding of the mechanisms that the
micro-organisms known as extremophiles have evolved to survive and
grow in particular extreme environments, and how these may be, or
are being, exploited for biotechnological processes. Whilst the
volume is aimed primarily at established research workers in
universities, research institutes and industry, it is hoped that it
will also provide a stimulating introduction to the subject for
senior undergraduates and postgraduates who are interested in
organisms which inhabit unusual and extreme environments. In future
years these organisms may form the basis of new
biotechnologically-based industries.
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