Scarlet Point's raid in Iowa
In March 1857, after a particularly severe winter, a band of fourteen starving, renegade Wahpekute Santee Sioux led by Scarlet Point (Inkpaduta) descended on the settlements scattered along the north western Iowa frontier close to the Minnesota border. The Indians were desperate for food and, furthermore, sought revenge for outrages perpetrated against them by white settlers-including the murder of Scarlet Point's brother and his family. The killing spree that followed cost the lives of 35-40 settlers who were isolated on their own land holdings. At Spirit Lake the Indians also abducted four women and carried them into captivity. Notable among them was the fourteen year old, Abbe Gardner who survived to be ransomed during the following summer and subsequently wrote an account of her ordeal (is also available as a Leonaur edition). Two attempts were made by government forces to pursue the fleeing Indians from Forts Dodge and Ridgely, but tardy management, a delay in setting off and appalling weather in the form of almost impassable snowfall, meant both rescue and reprisal missions failed. The Spirit Lake raid and massacre was the last Indian attack to take place in Iowa. This unique Leonaur book brings together two accounts of this famous incident in the history of the settlement of the western frontiers of the United States of America.
Leonaur editions are newly typeset and are not facsimiles; each title is available in softcover and hardback with dustjacket; our hardbacks are cloth bound and feature gold foil lettering on their spines and fabric head and tail bands.

Preface. The Interaction of Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue; J.H. Beynon, A. Kapoor. Reliability Assessment of Randomly Loaded Critical Components; M. Bily. Fitness for Purpose Assessment of Structural Integrity; J.G. Blauel. Part-Through Cracked Structures Under Cyclic Loading; A. Carpinteri, et al. Multiaxial Fatigue Life Prediction Methods for Engineering Components; T.D. Liebster, G. Glinka. Assessment of Fatigue in High-Duty Engineering Components; J.F. Knott. Material Characterization Required for the Reliability Assessment of Cyclically Loaded Engineering Structures: Part 1: Fatigue and Failure of Materials; A.J. Krasowsky, L. Toth. Non-Linear Deformation and Fatigue Fracture in Engineering Design; N.A. Makhutov, M.M. Gadenin. Gaseous Atmosphere Influence on Fatigue Crack Propagation; J. Petit, et al. Crack Propagation of Semi-Elliptical Surface Cracks: A Literature Review; T. Boukharouba, et al. Fatigue of Ceramics and Intermetallics: Application to Damage Tolerance and Life Prediction in Cyclically-Loaded Brittle Materials; R. Ritchie, et al. Fatigue Problems in Transport Applications; R.A. Smith. High Nitrogen Steels Behaviour Under cyclic Loading; S. Vodenicharov. Energy-Based Approach to Damage Cumulation in Random Fatigue; T. Lagoda, E. Macha. Application of a Probabilistic Approach of Durability Analysis to Gust Loaded Structures and Some Possible Extensions; A. Pieracci.

As Directors of this NATO Workshop we welcome this opportunity to record formally our thanks to the NATO Scientific Affairs Division for making our meeting possible through generous financial support and encouragement. This meeting had two purposes: the first obvious one because we have collected key scientists from East and West together to discuss the latest developments in the design against fatigue for structures and components. The second is less obvious but perhaps in the longer term more important; that is the building of bridges between East and West Europe, bridges cemented in the first place by personal friendship between scientists. Fatigue is the process by which structures subjected to cyclical loads deteriorate. The advent of the industrial revolution and in particular the spread of railways caused this phenomena to be recognised and studied some 150 years ago. Despite intensive efforts over the years and despite a huge increase in our theoretical and practical understanding offatigue, failures still occur causing economic disruption and even loss of life. Some of the reasons lying behind this apparent failure to apply advanced knowledge to everyday engineering were explored during this Workshop. Economic pressures to extend the lives of existing plant are becoming more intense. Therefore of vital importance is the generation of knowledge used to assess the performance of existing structures and machines and to produce guidance on their continued safe operation.

A brief explanation of the geology of the relevant 1: 50 000 scale geological map(s)

Scarlet Point's raid in Iowa
In March 1857, after a particularly severe winter, a band of fourteen starving, renegade Wahpekute Santee Sioux led by Scarlet Point (Inkpaduta) descended on the settlements scattered along the north western Iowa frontier close to the Minnesota border. The Indians were desperate for food and, furthermore, sought revenge for outrages perpetrated against them by white settlers-including the murder of Scarlet Point's brother and his family. The killing spree that followed cost the lives of 35-40 settlers who were isolated on their own land holdings. At Spirit Lake the Indians also abducted four women and carried them into captivity. Notable among them was the fourteen year old, Abbe Gardner who survived to be ransomed during the following summer and subsequently wrote an account of her ordeal (is also available as a Leonaur edition). Two attempts were made by government forces to pursue the fleeing Indians from Forts Dodge and Ridgely, but tardy management, a delay in setting off and appalling weather in the form of almost impassable snowfall, meant both rescue and reprisal missions failed. The Spirit Lake raid and massacre was the last Indian attack to take place in Iowa. This unique Leonaur book brings together two accounts of this famous incident in the history of the settlement of the western frontiers of the United States of America.
Leonaur editions are newly typeset and are not facsimiles; each title is available in softcover and hardback with dustjacket; our hardbacks are cloth bound and feature gold foil lettering on their spines and fabric head and tail bands.