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The 19 papers include discussions of constructing an integrated
genetic and physical map of rice, commonalities and contrasts in
the organization of the maize and sorghum nuclear genomes,
prospects for comparative genome analyses among mammals, genome
analysis in farm animals, sense suppression of p
This volume brings together the disciplines of plant and animal
genome research, and serves as an opportunity for scientists from
both fields to compare results, problems and prospects.
This volume brings together the disciplines of plant and animal
genome research, and serves as an opportunity for scientists from
both fields to compare results, problems and prospects.
Research in animals and plants is frequently 'departmentalized' and
funded according to Kingdoms by granting bodies. The use of
transgenes to address biological questions in all Kingdoms led us
to propose to the Royal Society that fundamental and strategic
studies in animals and plants involving trans genes should be
presented in one meeting, rather than, as so often happens, in
different scientific societies. The two-day Discussion Meeting held
inJuly 1992, and reported here provided insights into how trans
genes are being exploited to discover new knowledge in animals and
plants. The papers were presented by leading investigators in the
biological sciences, and the book reflects an experiment in
interdisciplinarity which was declared a successful venture by the
large crowd of participants and delegates. The transgenic area is
one of high scientific interest and sporadic, yet intense
biotechnological euphoria. This is dramatically illustrated among
the following papers which show how genetic maps of animals and
plants produce new knowledge of disease incidence in humans, and
how the design of transgenes can result in biodegradable plastic in
higher plants, human pharmaceutical proteins in livestock, or
bacterial proteins in cotton crops to protect against insect
damage.
This volume brings together the disciplines of plant and animal
genome research, and serves as an opportunity for scientists from
both fields to compare results, problems and prospects.
hurdle will be in the latter area. The technological hurdles will
be formi dable but will not limit what happens: once the basic
ideas are available, the technology will be developed. The unique
part of biotechnology will be to imagine what the possibilities
are. There was a discussion in several of the groups on the
problems of intro ducing a novel science into a social and economic
context. What biotech nologists are learning on this matter is not
novel, although that does not make it any less important or
difficult. People in the development of elec tronics and computers,
in the pharmaceutical industry, and in many other types of industry
that have grown from university research have had to face these
problems in the past. It is the old situation of having to reinvent
the wheel again and again. There is one aspect on which
biotechnology seems to have handled this inherent difficulty better
than some of our predecessor technologies: the people in the
biotechnology companies by and large take a rather academic
approach to free communication with one another at meetings such as
this and open publication of many of their basic findings in the
literature. This seems unique and certainly is different from the
experience of the recent Silicone Valley Industry, which in other
ways tries to emulate an academic environment, but not in open and
free publication."
This book identifies targets for plant transformation by molecular
biology for two crops of major importance in European agriculture -
wheat and oilseed rape - and the potentially important protein crop
faba beans. Modern techniques have enabled researchers to identify,
isolate and modify plant genes, and much effort is now being
devoted to improving these techniques and to adapting them to crop
plants. By these means, it should prove possible to make defined
changes to plants of commercial value, to improve their yield,
quality and resistance to stresses, pests and diseases. This volume
results from a report prepared for the Genetics and Biotechnology
Division of the Commission of the European Communities by Dr Austin
and his colleagues at the Plant Breeding Institute, where some of
the work is being carried out. It therefore provides an
authoritative account of the area for research workers and
students.
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